Sezvo kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kuri kuramba kuchikanganisa tsika dzekurima dzechinyakare, varimi vekuUS vari kutarisana nenjodzi dzakawedzerwa kubva kumamiriro ekunze asingatarisike, kusanganisira kusanaya kwemvura nguva zhinji, kushushikana kwekupisa, uye kunaya kwemvura kusingaite. Kuti varwisane nematambudziko aya, vatsvakurudzi vanobva kubazi rezvekurima reU.S. Department of Agricultural Research Service (ARS) vakatendeukira kunzira yekurima yekare — kuchinjisa zvirimwa — kuti vaongorore kuti ingaderedza sei njodzi yekurasikirwa negoho uye kukurudzira kurima kunoenderera mberi.
Sainzi Kuseri kweChirimwa Kutenderera
Kuchinjanisa zvirimwa, tsika yekuchinjanisa zvirimwa zvakasiyana mumunda nekufamba kwenguva, yanga iri musimboti wekurima kwemireniyamu. Nekusiyanisa mhando dzezvirimwa zvinorimwa, varimi vanokwanisa kuvandudza hutano hwevhu, kutyora tupukanana nezvirwere, uye kuwedzera kusimba kwemapurazi avo. ARS agroecologists vakatora tsika iyi yenhoroondo uye vakaiedza kuburikidza nesainzi yemazuva ano kuti vanzwisise kugona kwayo kuzere pasi pekuwedzera kwekumanikidza kwekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze.
Iyo ARS, yakabatana neDiverse Rotations Improve Valuable Ecosystem Services (DRIVES) Network, yakaunganidza data kubva kumakumi maviri ekuedza kwenguva refu kuNorth America yose, kumwe kwakatora makore anopfuura makumi matanhatu. Zvidzidzo izvi zvinofananidza mhedzisiro yekuchinjanisa mbesa kwakasiyana, zvichitarisa pane zvese zvirimwa, sechibage kana soya bhinzi, nehurongwa hwese hwechirimwa. Chinangwa ndechekuongorora kuti kutenderedzwa kwakasiyana-siyana kunokanganisa sei kushanda kwechirimwa pasi pemamiriro ekukura akasiyana, kusanganisira kushata kwemamiriro ekunze kunokonzerwa nekusanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.
Zvakawanikwa Zvinokosha: Kutenderera kwakasiyana-siyana kunoratidza Vimbiso
Vatsvagiri veARS vakawana kuti zvirimwa zvakarimwa mukuchinjana kwakasiyana-siyana zvaigara zvichiita zvirinani mumamiriro ese ekukura, kunyanya panguva yemamiriro ekunze asina kunaka. Mamiriro ekuchinjanisa zvirimwa—izvo zvirimwa zvinotenderedzwa—zvakaratidza kuva chinhu chinokosha mubudiriro yose yegadziriro yokurima. Kutenderedzwa kwembesa kwakasiyana kwakavandudza mashandiro ezvekuchinja kwezvirimwa, kwete zvirimwa zvega, zvichiratidza kuti kusiyana-siyana kwakakosha mukuderedza kusakanganiswa nenjodzi dzine chekuita nemamiriro ekunze.
Uyezve, kutenderera kwakasiyana-siyana kunogona kuderedza kudiwa kwezvinhu zvekunze zvakaita sefetireza nemishonga yezvipembenene. Semuenzaniso, nekutenderedza nitrogen-fixing legumes sesoya beans kana alfalfa ine zviyo zvakaita segorosi, varimi vanokwanisa kudzoreredza chikafu muvhu, zvichideredza kuvimba kwavo nefotereza yenitrogen yekugadzira. Izvi zvakakosha zvikuru sezvo varimi vakatarisana nekukwira kwemitengo yefetereza, izvo zvinoita kuti kuchinjanisa mbesa kuve dziviriro yeupfumi.
Kukunda Matambudziko
Kunyange hazvo zvakanakira kuchinjisa zvirimwa zvakasiyana zviri pachena, varimi vazhinji vanozeza kuzvitora nekuda kwekusagadzikana kwehupfumi uye matambudziko anoshanda. Kuchinjira kune imwe yakasiyana siyana yekutenderedza zvirimwa kazhinji kunoda ruzivo rutsva, zvimwe zvekushandisa, uye hurongwa hwekutonga hwakaoma. Pamusoro pezvo, kutenderera kwakasiyana-siyana kunogona kutora makore akati wandei kuti kubudise mhedzisiro inooneka, izvo zvinogona kutadzisa varimi kutsvaga kudzoka nekukurumidza.
Sangano reDRIVES Network rine donzvo rekugadzirisa zvimhingamipinyi izvi nekupa varimi ruzivo rwenguva refu pamusoro pemafambiro ehupfumi uye mabhenefiti ezvakatipoteredza ekuchinjanisa zvirimwa zvakasiyana. Nekuwedzera dhatabhesi ravo uye kuramba vachibatanidza dhata regoho nemamiriro ekunze, vaongorori vari kushanda kuti vape varimi humbowo hwavanoda kuti vaite sarudzo dzine ruzivo pamusoro pekusiyanisa masisitimu avo ekurima.
Nzira Inoenda Mberi Yekurima Kwakasimba
Kuchinjanisa zvirimwa kwakasiyana kunopa chishandiso chine simba kuvarimi vari kutsvaga kuchengetedza mashandiro avo kubva mukusajeka kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Kunyange zvazvo zvinetso zvichiri mukugamuchirwa, zvikomborero zvenguva refu-zvakadai sekuvandudzwa kwehutano hwevhu, kuderedzwa kwemari yekudyara, uye kutsungirira kukuru kune mamiriro okunze akaipa-zvinoita kuti kutenderera kwakasiyana kuve nzira yakakodzera kufunga. Sezvo tsvakiridzo ichienderera mberi, kudyidzana pakati pevarimi, vesainzi, nemasangano ezvekurima kuchave kwakakosha mukuvhura kugona kwakazara kweiyi tsika yekurima yakaedzwa kwenguva.
