Kurima mbatatisi muBavaria kuri kutyisidzirwa zvakanyanya kubva kuReed Glassy-Winged Leafhopper (Hyalesthes obsoletus), kapembenene kasingasviki centimita kureba, asi uchikwanisa kukuvadza goho zvinoparadza. Yakangogumira kuminda yeshuga beet, chipembenene ichi chakawedzera kusvika kwacho kuti chisanganise mbatatisi, zvichikonzera kurasikirwa kukuru kwehupfumi kuvarimi uye zvinogona kutyisidzira indasitiri yekugadzira mbatatisi muBavaria.
Kutyisidzira Kukura kune Mbatata dzeBavaria
Zviratidzo zvekutanga zvehutachiona zvinoonekwa mumiti yembatatisi pachayo. Mashizha anotanga kupeta uye kubuda ruvara, chiratidzo chetachiona nebhakitiriya Stolbur uye SBR (Southern Beet Rhizomania), zvese zvinofambiswa neReed Glassy-Winged Leafhopper. Chirwere ichi pachiri kuenderera mberi, chinoita kuti pave nembatatisi dzakakanyiwa, dzinonzi rubbery, dzinowanzonzi “gummy tubers,” nepo mamwe machubhu anoramba akamira uye asina kukura. Varimi muBavaria vanoti vanorasikirwa negoho rinosvika makumi mashanu muzana, iro rinokanganisa kurima.
Kunyangwe dambudziko rave richizivikanwa mukugadzirwa kweshuga beet, uko kunonyanya kutaridzika munzvimbo dzakaita sekumaodzanyemba kweWürzburg, shanduko ichangobva kuitika yezvipembenene kuenda kuzvirimwa zvembatatisi inotyisa. Iyo Reed Glassy-Winged Leafhopper inotama inofungidzirwa makiromita makumi matatu pagore, ichiwedzera nharaunda yayo zvishoma nezvishoma. Northern Bavaria, kusanganisira matunhu akaita seSchwaben neAltbayern, aona kuwedzera kukuru kwehupfu. Izvi zvinokonzeresa njodzi, sezvo mbatatisi ichiita basa rakakura zvakanyanya muhupfumi hwekurima munzvimbo idzi zvichienzaniswa nematunhu ane shuga beet.
Indasitiri Panjodzi
Indasitiri yekugadzira mbatatisi iri kushushikana zvikuru nekuwanikwa kweramangwana rezvigadzirwa. Makambani akaita seBurgis muNeumarkt muder Oberpfalz neSüdstärke muSünching neSchrobenhausen anovimba zvakanyanya nemidziyo yembatatisi yemuno. "Kana zvigadzirwa zvedu zvisisawanikwe, zvinogona kunge zvichityisidzira," anodaro Timo Burger, CEO weBurgis. Parizvino, hapana Burgis kana Südstärke vakambotaura kupararira, asi kutyisidzira kuri kuuya kunonzwisisika sezvo chipembenene chiri kuramba chichipararira. Kuunza mbatatisi kubva kure haisi mhinduro inoshanda nekuda kwemitengo inorambidza yekufambisa.
Kuwedzera kune dambudziko iri, Reed Glassy-Winged Leafhopper yatanga kunangana nezvimwe zvirimwa, zvinosanganisira makarotsi nemabheti matsvuku. Sekureva kwaHelen Pfitzner, murongi weCicada Research Group yeMubatanidzwa weGerman Potato Indasitiri (UNIKA), kuwedzera uku kwezvirimwa zvinotambira kunopa imwe njodzi kune chikafu chedunhu. Pfitzner anoti: “Kupararira kuchangobva kuzivikanwa kwechirwere ichi kumakarotsi nebeet dzvuku kunoisa pangozi kuwanda kwezvokudya zvitsva zvinokosha zvezvirimwa muGermany,” anodaro Pfitzner.
Hapana Matanho Anobudirira—Zvakadaro
Chimwe chezvinonyanya kunetsa kusavapo kwenzira dzinoshanda dzekudzivirira chirimwa. Parizvino, hapana mhinduro dzemakemikari dzakatenderwa kurwisa Reed Glassy-Winged Leafhopper. Tsvagiridzo iri mumatanho ekutanga, nemasangano akaita seYunivhesiti yeRegensburg inoongorora RNA-yakavakirwa chirimwa kuchengetedza. Tekinoroji iyi ine chinangwa chekudzima zvine chekuita nemajini akakosha muchipembenene, zvichigona kumisa kugona kwayo kutapurira chirwere. Zvichakadaro, Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture (LfL) iri kuita miedzo pamhando dzembatatisi kuti ione idzo dzisingatani kubatwa netumbuyu. Zvakawanikwa zvekutanga zvinoratidza kuti mbatatisi dzekutanga kukohwa hadzina kukanganiswa, asi mhando idzi hadzina kukodzera kugadzirwa kuita zvigadzirwa senge fries kana machipisi.
Varimi, vakaita saReiner Lesch anobva kuGaukönigshofen kuWürzburg, vari kutonzwa kukanganiswa uku. "Muna 2023, kukuvara kwacho kwakave njodzi - kurasikirwa zvachose, pasina chigadzirwa chinogona kukohwa," anochema-chema. Kunyange hazvo kunaya kwemvura gore rino kwakabatsira kuderedza dambudziko iri, varimi vazhinji havasi kuziva kuti voita sei uye vakatoderedza nzvimbo dzavanorimira mbatatisi. Lesch pachake afunga kurega kudyara mbatatisi dzinenge dzanonoka kukura, dziri panjodzi yekurwiswa netumbuyu.
Chii Chiri Mberi Pakurima Mbatatisi muBavaria?
Nyanzvi dzinotya kuti pasina kupindira nekukurumidza uye kunoshanda, kurima mbatatisi munzvimbo dzinokura dzeBavaria kunogona kudzikiswa zvakanyanya, kana kuti zvakanyanya, kusiiwa zvachose. Izvi zvaisazokanganisa raramo yevarimi chete asiwo indasitiri yekugadzira mbatatisi mudunhu iri, iyo inovimba zvakanyanya nezvirimwa zvinorimwa munyika. Sezvo Timo Burger anobva kuBurgis achisimbisa, kupinza mbatatisi haisi mhinduro inogoneka kwenguva refu nekuda kwekukwira kwemitengo yekufambisa, izvo zvinokanganisa hupfumi hwechikamu.
Kupararira kwechipembenene ichi kune zvimwe zvirimwa, zvakaita semakarotsi nebeet dzvuku, kunowedzera kuomesa mamiriro ezvinhu, zvichikonzera kushushikana pamusoro pekuwanda kwechikafu muGermany. Masayendisiti ezvekurima nevatungamiriri vemaindasitiri vane tarisiro yekuti tsvakiridzo inoenderera mberi ichaunza mhinduro dzinoshanda kukuvara kusati kwave kusagadzirisika. Nekudaro, nguva ndeye musimboti, uye hapana vimbiso yekuti kufambira mberi muRNA-yakavakirwa pest control kana kurwisa mbatatisi marudzi anosvika nekukurumidza kudzivirira kurasikirwa kukuru.
Iyo Reed Glassy-Winged Leafhopper inomiririra dambudziko riri kukura revarimi vembatatisi muBavaria. Pasina matanho anoshanda aripo parizvino, dunhu rakatarisana nekudonha mukugadzirwa kwayo mbatatisi, ine ripple mhedzisiro kuvarimi uye indasitiri yekugadzira mbatatisi. Kuita zvechimbichimbi mukutsvagisa, kubata zvipembenene, uye kubatana kwemaindasitiri kwakakosha kuchengetedza ramangwana rekurima kweBavaria. Kunze kwekunge mhinduro dzawanikwa nekukasira, varimi vanogona kumanikidzwa kuderedza kana kusiya kurima mbatatisi, zvichityisidzira kuwanikwa kwechirimwa chakakosha munharaunda.
