Kunzwisisa Rhizoctonia solani: An Essential Guide yeVarimi, Agronomists, uye Indasitiri Nyanzvi
Black scurf, inokonzerwa nefungus Rhizoctonia solani (fomu yakazara Thanatephorus cucumeris), inopa dambudziko rakakura mukugadzira mbatatisi pasi rese. Chinozivikanwa nevarimi nevatengesi vembatatisi, chirwere ichi chinonyanya kunetsa mumwaka wekurima muchando, uye chinokanganisa marudzi akasiyana evhu, mhando dzembatatisi pamwe nemamiriro ekunze emudunhu. Nekupona kwakanyanya muvhu, black scurf inobudirira munzvimbo inotonhorera, ine mwando, inoderedza goho rezvirimwa uye kukosha kwemusika nekuda kwekuita kwayo pamhando yetuber.
Chirwere Kupararira uye Zviratidzo
Iyo fungus Rhizoctonia solani inopararira zvakanyanya kuburikidza nembeu ine hutachiona mbatatisi uye ivhu, uko inogona kurarama kweanopfuura makore masere senge fungal shinda, inozivikanwa se hyphae, kana seyakaomeswa zvimiro zvinonzi sclerotia. Utachiona hunotanga apo sclerotia iyi inomera, ichibudisa hyphae inopinda padzinde nemidzi yembeu yembatatisi, kunyanya panguva yekumera. Mukuchengetedza, fungus inogonawo kupararira pane tuber surfaces, kunyanya munzvimbo inotonhorera yekuchengetedza, zvichiita kuti zvigamba zvitema kana zvebrown sclerotia zvinonamatira paganda-zvinowanzotsanangurwa se "tsvina isingagezi." Aya mapeche anogona kubva kune madiki kusvika kune akakura masumbu kusvika 2.5 cm paupamhi.
Ideal Conditions for Disease Development
Black scurf inokura munzvimbo dzine hunyoro hwepamusoro uye tembiricha yakaderera, iyo inononoka kumera kwechirimwa uye kukurudzira kukura kwefungal. Zviratidzo zvaro zvinodarika sclerotia pamachubhu, nekupeta kwemashizha, kusvava kwechirimwa, uye kutsemuka kwetuber zvakare. Utachiona hunowanzoitika mumachubhu anokohwewa nguva pfupi yadarika uye anochengetwa munzvimbo dzinotonhora, uye kudyara mhodzi ine utachiona inogona kukonzera kuwedzera kwemazinga eblack scurf muvhu.
Kuziva uye Kuyera Chirwere Kuoma
Nzira yakajairwa yekuongorora rhizoctonia kutapukira mumhodzi yembatatisi kutarisa kuvharwa kwe sclerotia pamusoro pe tuber. Mativi ese ari maviri etuber anoongororwa, uye chikamu chenzvimbo ine hutachiona chinofungidzirwa zvichibva pakugoverwa kwe sclerotia. Mhodzi dzembatatisi dzakatengwa kunze kwenyika dzinofanirwa kunge dziine hutachiwana huri pasi pe5%, uye isingasviki 10% yetuber surface yabatwa.
Kudzivirira uye Kudzora Strategies
Kubudirira kwekutonga kweblack scurf kunosanganisira akawanda ekudzivirira matanho uye nzira dzekurapa:
- Kushandiswa kweMhodzi dzakavimbiswa: Mbeu dzine hutano, dzakasimbiswa dzisina kubva kune black scurf dzakakosha pakudzikamisa utachiona.
- Kutenderedza mbeu: Kutenderera kwechirimwa nguva dzose muminda ine utachiona kunogona kuderedza kuvapo kwefungal nekufamba kwenguva.
- Kushandiswa kwefungicide: Mafungicides akadai seMoncut, Rizolex, Maxim, Celest, ne Lineoform anokurudzirwa, anoiswa pambeu yembatatisi isati yadyarwa kana kubaiwa nemvura yekudiridza mumadiridziro ekudonha. Iyi nzira inodzivirira kutapukira kwekutanga uye inodzivirira zvirimwa panguva dzekukura kwekutanga.
- Ivhu Disinfection: Kugara uchiuraya utachiona hwevhu uchishandisa copper sulfate ine chiyero che3-4 kg paeka inokurudzirwa zvakare, zvikuru muminda ine utachiona hwakanyanya.
mhedziso
Nematanho ekutarisira manejimendi, varimi vembatatisi neagronomists vanogona kudzikisira kukanganisa kweblack scurf uye kuderedza kurasikirwa kwezvirimwa. Kushandisa mbeu dzakasimbiswa, kutenderedza mbesa, uye kushandisa mishonga yefungidziro nemazvo ndiwo matanho akakosha mukuchengeta mbesa dzembatatisi dzemhando yepamusoro nekudzivirira Rhizoctonia solani.
