Nyaya yembatatisi, chirimwa zvino chirimwa uye kudyiwa pasi rose, yakatanga makore anopfuura 8,000 3,800 apfuura munzvimbo dzakakwirira dzakapoteredza Lake Titicaca muPeru. Paukwiriri hwemamita XNUMX XNUMX, vanhu veInca vakanga vari pakati pevokutanga kurima ichi chirimwa chinoshamisa, vachigadzira mitoo yokuchichengeta nomumigariro yakaoma. Nhasi, hukama hwePeru nembatatisi hwakadzama kupfuura nakare kose, nevarimi vakaita saRosa Cansaya anobva kuchitsuwa cheAmantani vachienderera mberi netsika dzemadzitateguru ake.
Kune Cansaya, mbatatisi inopfuura chitubu chekudya-inomiririra nzira yehupenyu. Achirima muminda ine teresi isina mishonga kana mishonga yezvipembenene, anorima marudzi mana embatatisi kwegore rose, achivimba nefetireza yechisikigo semupfudze wemakwai. Mbatata dzagara dziri chikafu chikuru muPeru, uye dzinoramba dziri chimwe chezvirimwa zvinodyiwa pasi rose, dzichingopfuura nemupunga negorosi. Zvakakosha, ivo zvakare vane hushamwari hwemamiriro ekunze, vachigadzira mashoma egreenhouse gasi kuburitsa pane zvimwe zvirimwa zvakakura.
Peru ine marudzi anopfuura 4,000 XNUMX embatatisi dzeko, imwe neimwe iine nyaya yayo, kunaka, chimiro, uye ruvara. Pakati pazvo pane zvinofadza Peruvian, iyo inotakura mavara matsvuku uye machena emureza wePeruvia, uye inovava kanchillo zvakasiyana-siyana, zvichiratidza kusiyana-siyana kwezvinhu zvipenyu kunoshamisa kunowanikwa muAndes. Nharaunda yeQuechua, inogara Cansaya, inopemberera kusiyana uku nekugadzira mbatatisi nenzira dzechinyakare, sekushandisa mahovhoni ematombo (anonzi hatch) uye kunyange kubatanidza mbatatisi nevhu rakakosha (Chaco) kurapa zvirwere zvemudumbu.
Kukosha kwembatatisi muPeru kunodarika kukosha kwayo kwetsika. Chirimwa chakaita basa guru mukupona nekuwedzera kweInca Empire, zvichipa chikafu kumaguta makuru nemauto. Vapambi veSpain vakafadzwa nekusimba kwembatatisi uye kukosha kwekudya zvekuti vakaiunza kuEurope kuma1500s. Nekufamba kwenguva, mbatatisi yakave yakakosha kuchengetedza chikafu chepasirese, kunyanya munguva dzehondo nenzara, uye yakatobatsira mukutanga kweRevolution Revolution nekupa chikafu chakavimbika chevashandi vekuEurope.
Nekudaro, ramangwana rembatatisi muPeru rave munjodzi. Varimi vakatarisana nematambudziko kubva kumamiriro ekunze ari kuramba achiita kusagadzikana, anosanganisira kutonhora, chando, uye kushomeka kwemvura. Matambudziko aya ari kuwedzerwa nekusanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, izvo zviri kukanganisa goho rembatatisi uye kukanganisa kusiyana kwezvipenyu zvechirimwa ichi chakakosha. Masangano akaita seInternational Potato Center (CIP) muLima neCite Papa (Center for Innovation in Potato neAndean Crop Technology) ari kushanda kurwisa matambudziko aya. Nhamburiko idzi dzinosanganisira kuchengetedza mhando dzembatatisi dziri munjodzi nekudziunza kumisika mitsva uye kugadzira mhando dzembatatisi dzakasimba dzinokwanisa kushingirira pamamiriro ekunze.
Kudya mbatatisi muPeru kwakachinjawo nekufamba kwemakore. Muma1960, avhareji yePeruvia yaidya 120 kg yembatatisi pagore. Pakazosvika makore ekuma1990, nhamba iyi yakanga yadzika kusvika pa35 kg pamunhu sezvo mupunga nepasita zvakawedzera kufarirwa. Nekudaro, kuburikidza nezvirongwa zvakaita sePeruvian Sustainable Development Association (Aders Peru), kudyiwa kwembatatisi kwakawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma, kusvika 94 kg pamunhu muna 2023.
Nematani anopfuura mamirioni matanhatu ematani embatatisi anogadzirwa gore negore, Peru ndiyo yava mugadziri mukuru muLatin America, ichipfuura zvese Brazil neArgentina. Pasinei nekubudirira uku, varimi vePeru vanotarisana nematambudziko ane chokuita nekuparara kwevhu, zvipembenene, uye zvisingatarisirwi zvinokonzerwa nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Kugadzirisa nyaya idzi, masayendisiti ari kugadzira nzira nyowani dzekurima, dzakadai seFitotron modular makamuri ekukura ayo anogadzira nzvimbo dzakadzorwa dzekugadzira mbatatisi isina chirwere. Aya matekinoroji anogona kubvumira kukohwa kwakawanda, kuderedza kutenderera kwekukura kubva kamwe pagore kusvika katanhatu pagore. Hutsva hwakadai hunogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya, kwete muPeru chete asiwo munzvimbo dzakaita seAfrica neChina, uko mbatatisi iri kuwedzera kuve chirimwa chakakosha chekudya.
Kuedza kwemasangano akaita seCIP kuomesa nechando nekuchengetedza mhodzi dzembatatisi dzinoona kuti hupfumi hwePeru hwakasiyana-siyana hunochengeterwa zvizvarwa zvinotevera. Kubva 1996, anopfuura mazana mana nemakumi mashanu emhando dzembatatisi dzakachengetwa munzvimbo dzakaoma nechando, dzichidzivirira kubva pakutsakatika. Ichi chiratidzo chekuzvipira kwePeru kuchengetedza nhaka yezvekurima ichitarisa remangwana rekuchengetedza chikafu chepasi rose.
Hukama hwePeru nembatatisi muenzaniso une simba wekuti nhaka yezvekurima uye tekinoroji yemazuva ano inogona kugarisana. Kuedza kwenyika kuchengetedza zviuru zvemhando dzembatatisi dzemunyika uye kugadzira nzira dzekurima dzinoratidza kukosha kwechirimwa ichi mukuchengetedza nharaunda pamwe nekuchengetedzeka kwechikafu pasi rose. Sezvo kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kuri kuramba kuchipikisa tsika dzekurima dzechinyakare, kuzvipira kwePeru kuchengetedza hutano hwakasiyana-siyana hwekurima hunoshanda semuenzaniso kune dzimwe nyika. Kuburikidza nekushingirira, hunyanzvi, uye kuremekedza tsika, mbatatisi dzePeru dzicharamba dzichiita basa rakakosha mukudyisa zvizvarwa zvinotevera.