Spuds vapukunyuki, anonyora Scott Elliot, Veruzhinji Nyanzvi Nyanzvi kuUSDA's ARS Hofisi yeKutaurirana mune iyi nhau nhau. Anoti machubhu akarwisa zvirwere zvakasiyana kwemakore anoda kusvika 10,000 XNUMX, pamwe nemamiriro ekunze asingatarisike ayo anogona kukonzera kukanganisa kwechando kuchirimwa gore negore.
Asi ikozvino, boka repasi rese revasayendisiti rakagadzira mhando nyowani yembatatisi inodzivirira chando, zvichiita kuti chirimwa chiwedzere kusimba. Icho chinhu chakanaka, nokuti mbatatisi yakashanduka kuva yechitatu-yakanyanya kudyiwa chikafu chenyika, shure kwemupunga negorosi.
Vatsvakurudzi veARS nevamwe vavo kubva kuPeru uye neYunivhesiti yeWisconsin-Madison Dhipatimendi re kurima vakapedza makore akati wandei vachiongorora marudzi embatatisi kubva ku US Potato Genebank (USPG) yekushivirira chando, pakupedzisira kusarudza Solanum acaule uye Solanum commersonii, zvose mbatatisi dzomusango dzinobva kuSouth America, nokuti dzakaratidza mano makuru okushivirira chando. Chikwata chakabatanidza marudzi maviri aya ndokuongorora mahybrids, chichisarudza vamwe vabereki vanoshingirira kutonhora kwechando uye vakakudziridza kushivirira kuchando chakanyanya kutonhora.
Maererano ne John Bamberg, USPG purojekiti mutungamiri uye geneticist kuARS Tsvakurudzo yeZvirimwa zvemuriwo Chikwata muMadison, WI ,, kusati kwasarudzwa kwekupedzisira, varimi vakaedzwa zvakanyanya kuti vaone kutsungirira kwavo kuchitonhora. Chikwata chakashandisa musanganiswa wechando chemusikirwo, firiza yemumba yakagadziridzwa yakasetwa kutevedzera chando chaiitika husiku humwe, uye bvunzo chaiyo yerabhoritari kuyera chaizvo kuti mamembrane ese akuvadzwa zvakadii.
"Kufanana nekuberekesa kwembatatisi, zvakatora makore ekuyedzwa uye kusarudza pakati pezviuru zvevana kuti vatore imwe inokodzera kuve murimi mutsva," akadaro Bamberg. Vakatumidza cultivar iyoyo "Wiñay. "
Vatsvagiri vekuPeruvia vakayedza Wiñay munyika yavo. Vakarima mbatatisi mumatunhu mazhinji mumwaka yakawanda uye vakaongorora murimi uye maitiro evatengi. Wiñay yakaratidza goho rakanaka, kutonhora kwechando, uye kugamuchirwa kwemurimi uye kwevatengi.
Pachave nemukana wekuti spud nyowani itore midzi muUnited States?
Bamberg akacherekedza kuti kukuvara kwechando kunogona kuitika munzvimbo dzakasiyana, uye panguva dzakasiyana, muUnited States yese. Muna 2019, varimi vembatatisi kumabvazuva kweIdaho chete vakarasikirwa ne30% yechirimwa chavo nekukuvadzwa kubva kuchando chisina mwaka. “Kutonhora kwembatatisi kunogona kukanganisa kunaka kwembatatisi pachayo – kwete kungouraya mashizha – kuita kuti mbatatisi ibudise machipisi asina kunaka nemafries kana kumera zvisina kunaka sembeu yechirimwa chinotevera.”
Tsvagiridzo iyi inoratidza mabhenefiti ekuchengetedza germplasm kwenguva refu, kushandira pamwe kwenyika dzese, uye kugovana, Bamberg akadaro. "Kubatsira kuri pachena kwaive kuPeru munguva pfupi, asi izvo zvakadzidzwa zvichave nebasa rakakura. Basa riri kuUS Potato Genebank riri kudzorera mabhenefiti kwete kuUnited States chete, asiwo kunyika dziri misha yezvipfuyo izvi.
ARS tsvakurudzo vadyidzani vaiva Jiwan Palta naAlfonso del Rio kubva University of Wisconsin-Madison's Department of Agriculture; William Roca, Alberto Salas, naRene Gomez vanobva kuPeru's International Potato Center; uye Jesu Arcos kubva kuInstituto Nacional de Innovacion Agraria muPuno.
