Kushandisa silicon kunogona kubatsira varimi veku UK kusvika pazvinangwa zveELMS nekudzikisa kushandiswa kwemakemikari & fetereza.

Silicon, chikamu chechipiri chepasi rose, chinogona kuwedzera goho, kuvandudza hutano hwevhu, kusimbisa zvidyarwa uye kuvandudza mhinduro yezvirwere, inopa zano resilicon biostimulants nyanzvi Orion FT.

Kushandisa silicon kunogona zvakare batsirai varimi veku UK kusvika pazvinangwa zveELMS nekuderedza kushandiswa kwemakemikari nefetereza. "Silicon inopa zvisingaverengeki mabhenefiti kuzvirimwa uye hutano hwevhu. Inokwirisa genetic kugona kwezvirimwa nekusimbisa maseru, kuwedzera cuticle ukobvu, uye kuwedzera shizha kureba kwebvudzi. Mabhenefiti aya anowedzera kusimba kwechirimwa kuzvinhu zvakaita sezvipembenene kana kupinda kwechirwere, pamwe nekunetseka kwemvura,” anotsanangura kudaro mutungamiriri weOrion FT James Kennedy.

Orion FT inopa huwandu hwezvigadzirwa zvesilicon izvo zvinosimudzira dziviriro yechisikigo chechirimwa kudzivirira kubva kukurwisa tumbuyu nehutachiona. "Silicon inongowanikwa kune zvidyarwa mune yayo monosilisilic fomu. Yedu yakagadziridzwa iNHiB™Tekinoroji inoita kuti silicon iwanikwe kuzvirimwa nenzira iyi kubatsira kuderedza kushushikana kwechirimwa,” vanodaro Mr Kennedy.

Yakaratidza kuwedzera goho regorosi

Kana yangobatwa, silicon inoiswa mukati uye pakati pemasero echirimwa. Zvakaratidzwa kuti zvinowedzera goho regorosi uye kuderedza kukuvadzwa kunokonzerwa nemafuro ezvipembenene zvakadai secabbage stem flea beetle uye slugs. Silicon inokurudzira zvirimwa kutora zvinhu zvinobatsira zvakaita se zinc, calcium, uye nitrogen. Inogonawo kubatsira kugadzirisa kutorwa kwe phosphorus uye kudzivirira huturu kubva mukuronda simbi muvhu. "Silicon inogona kuiswa padanho rega rega rekukura kwechirimwa uye kushandisa nzira dzakasiyana dzekudyara, dzinosanganisira kunanga kuvhu, semushonga wembeu, kuburikidza nefertigation, uye sefoliar spray," anodaro.

Ongororo yeAHBD biostimulant yakataura akati wandei mapepa esainzi achiona mabhenefiti esilicon. "Mabhenefiti akajeka, uye Orion iri pamberi pekutsvaga uye kugadzira zvigadzirwa munzvimbo ino. Tekinoroji yedu yesilicon yehunyanzvi uye hunyanzvi hunogona kubatsira varimi nevarimi kuona budiriro inobatika mukati mehurongwa hwavo hwekurima. Nemitengo yezvekushandisa ichikwira nekudzikira kwehuwandu hwemakemikari anowanikwa kuUK, silicon inomiririra nzira itsva yekuvandudza hutano hwezvirimwa uye kuwedzera goho,” anopedzisa.

Mhedzisiro yeSilicon Fertilization paChirimwa Goho Huzhinji uye Hunhu

Mhedzisiro inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeye mhedzisiro yesilicon pazvirimwa, iyo inotora huwandu hukuru hwechinhu ichi, kureva, munzimbe nemupunga. Nekudaro, zvipenyu izvi hazviwanzo kurima muEurope, uyezve, kutsvagisa kushoma pachinhu ichi kwakaitwa pazvirimwa zvine kukosha kukuru kwehupfumi muEurope: zviyo, mhodzi, shuga beet uye mbatatisi.

Mumakore achangopfuura, tsvakiridzo yakawanda yakaitwa maererano nekudya kwefoliar uchishandisa silicon, iyo inounza zvikomborero zvisingatarisirwi zvekugadzirwa, uye panguva imwechete yakachipa zvakanyanya uye zviri nyore kushandisa pane ivhu fetiraiza. Nekuda kweizvozvo, inovandudza pundutso yekugadzirwa kwemarudzi mazhinji ezvirimwa. Tariro yakakura maererano nezvainoita pakuderedza kusanaya kwemvura, izvo zviri kuwedzera kukanganisa kurima muEurope. Mhedzisiro yakanaka yesilicon yakacherechedzwa, mune zvidzidzo, inoguma mune dzakawanda zviitiko umo kushushikana kwezvirimwa kune kusanaya kwemvura kunoderera.

Silicon inewo mhedzisiro inobatsira pakudzikamisa mhedzisiro yeimwe abiotic stress, inokonzerwa nemunyu, simbi inorema, yakakwirira uye yakaderera tembiricha, mafashama emvura, etc. Tichifunga nezvezvinhu izvi zvese, iyo inonyanya kukosha kuEurope yakanyanya kukwirira uye zvakare. tembiricha yakaderera, asi inongobata dzimwe nzvimbo dzekondinendi (kunyanya kuderera zvakanyanya tembiricha). Kukosha kwezvimwe zvinhu zveabiotic kwakadzikira muEurope.

Tariro dzakakwirira dzine chokuita nekushandiswa kwesilicon kuderedza zvinokonzerwa nehutachiona hwehutachiona hunokonzerwa nezvirwere uye zvipembenene. Kuwana kuvandudzwa kwegoho uye kunaka kwechirimwa mukuedza kwakawanda kwaiwanzova chikonzero chekuwedzera kwekudzivirira kwezvirimwa kuhutapukirwa nezvirwere zvinonyanya kukonzerwa nefungi. Kushandiswa kwechinhu ichi chekudya kunovaka muviri kwezvirimwa kunogona kuve chinhu chakakosha chekuchengetedzwa kwechirimwa munguva pfupi iri kutevera, iyo varimi vese muEuropean Union vanosungirwa kunyorera. Chakakosha zvakare inyaya yekuti foliar application yesilicon yakachengeteka kune yakasikwa nharaunda uye inogona zvakare kushandiswa mukurima organic, iyo iri kuwedzera kukosha muEurope.

Kuwedzera kwegoho kunoonekwa muzvidzidzo zvakawanda, mushure mekushandisa foliar nutrition nesilicon, yakakonzerwa nekuvandudzwa kwezvose kana zvimwe zvezvikamu zvegoho. Panyaya yezviyo zvakajairika, zvaive: spike density panguva yekukohwa, nhamba yembeu pa spike, uye huremu hwe1000 tsanga. Kuwedzera kwenhamba yezviyo pamhunga uye kuwanda kwadzo kwakaonekwa muchibage. Kuwanda kwegoho resoya bean zvichikonzerwa nefoliar kuiswa kwesilicon zvakabva mukuwanda kwenhamba yemapods pachirimwa, huwandu hwemhodzi mupod, uye huremu hwemhodzi zana.

Mukurima kwekubatwa chibharo kwemafuta echando, kuvandudzwa kwekupikisa kwemiti kumamiriro echando kwakaonekwa, pamwe nekuumbwa kwembeu huru. Munyaya yeshuga beet, kudya kwefoliar nesilicon kwakabatsira mukuwedzera kwemidzi mitsva yakawanda, uye kuwedzera kwegoho remidzi, iyo inosarudza goho reshuga. Mukurima mbatatisi, zvirimwa zvakasanganiswa nesilicon zvakagadzira machubhu ane hombe nyowani.

 Potato

Muchidzidzo chakaitwa pakurima mbatatisi muIsrael, mhedzisiro yesilicon fertilization yakaongororwa. Yakakwira silicon mutuber ganda yakakonzera shanduko yeanatomical uye yekuumbwa zvichiratidza kunonoka kukura kweganda. Mbatata inokanganisa kurasikirwa kwegoho nekuda kwemamiriro ekukura asina kukwana; saka, nesilicon fetiraiza anogona kubatsira chirimwa kuvandudzika. Kuenzaniswa nekudzora, ganda sero nzvimbo yaive yakakura, suber mu biosynthetic majini akakwidziridzwa, uye ganda masero madziro akafumiswa ne oxidized anonhuwirira moieties, zvichikurudzira kuwedzeredzwa lignification uye suberization. Kudzidza kwesilicon metabolism mumbatatisi kwaizobatsira pakuchengetedza chikafu pasi pekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze.

• Muchidzidzo chakaitwa kuBrazil, fetireza yesilicon yevhu yakawedzera huremu hwehuremu hwechubhu, huremu hwechubhu yakaoma, uye goho rechubhu, kunyanya pakashaikwa kushomeka kwemvura. MuPoland mumakore 2009-2011, mhedzisiro yekudya kwefoliar neYara Vita Potato (P-192 g∙dm).^-3, K—62 g∙dm^-3, Mg—40 g∙dm^-3, Mn—10 g∙dm^-3, Zn—5 g∙dm^-3) neFetereza yeActisil (Si—6 g∙dm^-3) pambatatisi cv. Jelly yakaongororwa uye yakaenzaniswa nekurapa kwekutonga (pasina foliar nutrition).
• Mishonga mitatu yekudya kwefoliar yakaongororwa: (1) Yara Vita Mbatatisi: yekutanga kupfapfaidza mushure mekuvharwa kwecanopy (2 dm³·ha^-1), yechipiri mushure memazuva gumi nemana kubva kune yekutanga (14 dm³·ha^-1), uye yechitatu mushure memazuva gumi nemana mushure mekurapwa kwechipiri (14 dm³·ha^-1); (2) Actisil: kutanga kupfapfaidza mushure mekumera kwechirimwa (0.3 dm³·ha^-1), kurapwa kwechipiri mushure memazuva gumi nemana kubva kune yekutanga (14 dm³·ha^-1), uye kurapwa kwechitatu mazuva gumi nemana mushure mekurapwa kwechipiri (14 dm³·ha^-1); uye (3) Yara Vita Potato + Actisil (ese mafetireza akashandiswa muhuwandu nemazuva sezvakangoita kurapwa kwakapfuura).
• Foliar nutrition haina kukanganisa zvakanyanya pagoho remachubhu. Zvisinei, yakanga ine simba guru pakuderedzwa kwechikamu chemachubhu maduku (ane dhayamita pasi pe30 mm) mugoho re approx. 50% uye kuwedzera kwechikamu chemachubhu makuru (ane dhayamita inopfuura 60 mm), kunyanya mushure mekushandisa Actisil fetiraiza chete (+23%) kana pamwe chete nefotereza Yara Vita Potato (+ 10%). Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvakaitwa muna 2011 pamusoro pemabatiro efoliar fetireza akaiswa, Yara Vita Potato neActisil, pamhando yemachubhu senge kusviba kwemapfunde mbishi uye mazinga ephosphorus, potassium, magnesium, uye calcium haana kuratidza misiyano yakakosha.
• Zvisinei, zvakaonekwa kuti mafetireza akaongororwa akanyanya kuderedza kuunganidzwa kwenitrate inokuvadza mumachubhu, kunyanya mukurapa uko Actisil silicon fetireza yakashandiswa pamwe chete neYara Vita Potato-iyo nitrate yemukati mukurapwa iyi yakaderera neinosvika 60%. Silicon fertilization yakanga isina mhedzisiro yakakosha pahuwandu hwekurasikirwa kwemachubhu ematatisi chaiwo mushure memwedzi mitanhatu yekuchengetera.
• Panguva yekurima, hapana misiyano yakakosha yakaonekwa mukupararira kwembatatisi blight (Phtytophtora infestans) pakati pemishonga ine foliar nutrition (zvisinei nechigadzirwa chinoshandiswa) uye kutonga kurapwa. Kukura kunononoka zvishoma kwakaonekwa pamiti ine foliar nutrition, asi muna 2011 chete, iyo yakanakira kukura kwechirwere ichi. Kushandiswa kwefoliar nutrition neActisil fetireza pamwe chete nemakemikari ekudzivirira chirimwa zvakatadzisa zvakanyanya kukura kwembatatisi blight pamashizha mumwaka wekukura.
• Kuongororwa kwemachubhu mushure mekukohwa maererano nehutachiona hwechirwere kwakanga kusina kusagadzikana mugore rega rega rekudzidza nekuda kwekusiyana kwakasiyana mukuoma kwezvirwere zvega. Zvakaonekwa kuti kushandiswa kweActisil fetiraiza kwakaderedza zvakanyanya kugoverwa kwemachubhu nezviratidzo zvembatatisi bhakitiriya nyoro kuora (Erwinia carotovora pane. carotovora) pamwe nekuwedzera panguva imwe chete yehuwandu hwema tubers ane black scurf (Rhizoctonia solani spores). Pakanga pasina yakakosha mhedzisiro yemafetereza efoliar pakuitika kwegoro remoyo, kupisa kwemukati necrosis, kujairika gomarara (Streptomyces scabies), uye kuora kwakaoma (fusarium spp.).
• Muzvidzidzo zvakaitwa pamhando nhatu dzembatatisi muIndia muna 2013-2017, mhedzisiro yekushandisa orthosilicic acid (Silixiol Potato) yakaongororwa. Mushure mekumwaya mhodzi mbatatisi neSilixiol Mbatata pachikamu che 1 cm³∙dm^-3, chibereko che tubers chakawedzera ne15%. Mushure mekushandiswa kwefoliar pamusangano we 4 cm³∙dm^-3, kuwedzera kwegoho paavhareji yaive 50%. Zvisinei, kana mafetireza akajairwa ane macroelements akaiswa, zvino mushure mekupfapfaidza mbeu mbatatisi, hapana kuwedzera kukuru kwegoho rakawanikwa, uye mushure mekupfapfaidza foliar yaive 20%. Kubva pamigumisiro iyi, vanyori vanopikisa kuti silicon inobata basa mukuvandudza kushandiswa kwezvokudya nemuti.
• Ivo zvakare vakacherekedza kuvandudzwa kwemhando yemachubhu (kuderedzwa kwetuber breaks, uye buri moyo). The cost-benefit ratio for the foliar application of orthosilicic acid (Silixiol Potato) yaiva, paavhareji, 1:6 kumurimi.
• MuPoland muna 2011-2012, mhedzisiro yefoliar nutrition muchimiro cheHerbagreen Basic fetireza ine calcium nesilicon pagoho uye kunaka kwekutanga kwepakati edible mbatatisi tubers cv. Finezja, yakakurudzirwa kugadzirwa kwefries yakaongororwa. Kupfapfaidza kwakaitwa katatu mumwaka wekukura: kekutanga munguva yekukura kwekutanga (pakureba kwembatatisi ye15-20 cm - gumi rekutanga raJune), yechipiri mushure memavhiki maviri, uye yechitatu mushure me2. -4 mavhiki (kupera kwedanho rekukura kwemaruva).
• Mhedzisiro yacho yakaongororwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemamineral fertilization nenitrogen: 50, 75, uye 100 kg N∙ha.^-1. Mukushandiswa kwega kwega, musanganiswa wefetereza we2.5 kg mu500 dm³ yemvura∙ha^-1 yakashandiswa. Mumamiriro ekunze asina kunaka, muna 2011, kuwedzera kwakanyanya kwegoho remachubhu mushure mekushandisa foliar yeHerbagreen Basic yakawanikwa kupfuura muna 2012, apo mamiriro ekunze aive akanaka. Muna 2011, mushure mekupfapfaidza kwefoliar, goho rose remachubhu rakawedzera, paavhareji, ne14.8%, uye goho rekutengeserana rakawedzera ne 16.4% zvichienzaniswa nechinhu chekutonga, asi muna 2012, kuwedzera kwaiva kuduku uye kwakasvika ku5.5%. uye 7.7%, maererano, maererano nekutonga kurapwa.
• Paavhareji, kuwedzera kwegoho kwakakonzerwa nekudya kwemashizha mumakore 2011-2012 kwaive 9% yehuwandu hwegoho rehubhu uye 11% yegoho rekutengesa. Zvakaratidzwawo kuti kudya kwefoliar nefetireza yakaedzwa kwakabvumira munhu kudzikamisa fetiraiza yevhu nemamineral nitrogen. Mushure mekushandiswa kwe75 kg N∙ha^-1 pamwe chete nekudya kwefoliar, goho rakafanana remachubhu rakawanikwa pachiyero che100 kg N∙ha.^-1 pasina foliar nutrition, saka ivhu renitrogen dose rinogona kudzikiswa ne25%, nepo mumamiriro ekunze asina kunaka goho rembatatisi rakawedzera kusvika pa50%.
• Kudya kwefoliar kwakave nemhedzisiro yakanaka pakukura kwemachubhu, ayo airatidzwa neakakura, paavhareji, 2%, yakawedzera mugove wemachubhu ane dhayamita ye50-60 mm uye 4% yepamusoro mugove wemachubhu makuru (diameter pamusoro. 60 mm) mukuenzanisa nekutonga kurapwa. Ongororo yekuitika kwekuremara kwekunze mumachubhu, kureva, deformation, greening, uye gororo yakajairika, yakaratidza chikamu chidiki chechikamu chavo mukurapa nefoliar nutrition, izvo zvakakonzera zvakanyanya kubva kuchikamu chidiki chegirinhi tubers. Foliar nutrition haina kukanganisa zvakanyanya pane zviri mukati me starch, nitrate, uye yakaoma nyaya mumachubhu.
• MuIndia, kushandisa diatomaceous pasi pachiyero che150 kg∙ha^-1 nehafu yedosi yefetireza yakajairwa (NPK + manyowa), goho rembatatisi tuber rakawedzera ne38.7% (24.3 Mg∙ha).^-1) zvichienzaniswa nekutonga (17.5 Mg∙ha^-1) uye ne12.9% maererano nedosi yakazara yefetiraiza yakajairwa (21.5 Mg∙ha^-1) Kushandiswa kwepasi diatomaceous mumiyero ye150, 300, uye 600 kg∙ha^-1, pamwe chete nefotereza yakakwana, zvakakonzera kudzikiswa kwegoho retuber kana zvichienzaniswa nemwero yakafanana yediatomaceous earth, asi nehafu yedose yefetireza yakajairika.
• Izvi zvinogona kunge zviri nekuda kwekuwanda kweutachiona nekuda kwekunonoka kuomarara mumwaka wekukura. Kushandiswa kwepasi diatomaceous pachiyero che600 kg∙ha^-1 zvakanyanya kuvandudza saizi yemachubhu uye nhamba yemachubhu anorema kupfuura 75 g (chete yakazara yakazara fetireza) ine 34 pcs pachikamu kusvika 64 pcs pachikamu.
• Kushandiswa kwefoliar kweoligomeric silicic acid uye boric acid mukurima mbatatisi kuNetherlands muna 2003 kwakawedzera goho rechubhu ne6.5% uye kwakadzikira utachiona hunokonzera zvirwere muzvirimwa. Muchidzidzo chakaitwa muIran, maitiro mana akasiyana esilicon compounds (nanosilica, sodium silicate, nanoclay, uye Bentonite) muzvikamu zviviri (1000 uye 2000 ppm) pakukura kwemiti yembatatisi yakaongororwa.
• Silicon mishonga, kunze kwesodium silicate, yakagadziridzwa mashizha (kusvika 18% mumashizha akaoma uremu muBentonite (1000 ppm)) uye yakawedzera stem diameter (kusvika 17% mu nanoclay uye Bentonite (1000 ppm)). Ese midzi hunhu akagadziridzwa nesilicon fetiraiza (kusvika 54% mumudzi nzvimbo pachirimwa mu sodium silicate (1000 ppm)). Kunyangwe kugadzirwa kwe minituber hakuna kukanganiswa nesilicon kurapwa, minituber mhando hunhu hwakagadziridzwa nesilicon application mukuenzanisa nezvinomera zvinodzora. Kuwedzera kwegoho rembatatisi kwakakonzerwa nesilicon fertilization kwakakonzerwa nekugadzirwa kwemachubhu ane huremu hukuru hutsva nezvirimwa.

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