Colorado mbatatisi beetle (CPB) vanhu vane kugona kunoshamisa kukudziridza kurwisa zvipembenene - kusanganisira akawanda ecarbamate, organophosphate, pyrethroid, spinosyn, uye neonicotinoid zvipembenene zviri kushandiswa nhasi.
Kugona kweCPB kukudziridza kuramba hazvishamise kana ukafunga kuti chipembenene ichi chaifanira kutora nzira dzekushivirira kuwanda kwechepfu glycoalkaloids mune yavo solanaceous host. Muchidimbu, zvipembenene izvi zvakagara zvakagadzirirwa kubata nehupfu. Zvinogona kutora shanduko diki chete kuti dzipe kuramba kune muchetura mutsva.
Uyezve, CPBs kubereka huwandu hukuru hwevana, zvichiwedzera zvakanyanya mikana isingachinjiki nemushonga wezvipembenene inoitika zvisina tsarukano. Funga kuti mazai 50 pachirimwa chimwe nechimwe, akapetwa ne20,000 10 mbesa dzembatatisi paeka, anogona kubereka zvipembenene miriyoni muchizvarwa chimwe chete. Uye kazhinji kune zvizvarwa zviviri kana zvitatu mumwaka. Kana mushonga wezvipembenene ukatanga kuiswa pachirimwa, twupukanana twunenge twanangidzirwa (zvichida mumwe chete pamamiriyoni gumi) hunogona kurarama nekuda kwekushanduka-shanduka. Kana pasina chimwe chinhu chinoauraya, mashoma mashoma anochinja anoberekana. Uye vazhinji vevana vavo vachagara nhaka yemaitiro ekurwisa zvipembenene.
Mazano eKudzora CPBs uye Kudzivirira Zvipembenene Resistance
Mbatata Crop Rotation uye Kupatsanura
CPBs overwinter sevakuru muvhu muminda yembatatisi yegore rapfuura inozobuda muchirimo kuzodya, kuberekana, uye kukandira mazai. Makonye anobuda mumazai, anodya kwekanguva, obva adonhera pasi kuti abereke uye atangezve kutenderera kanopfuura katatu mumwaka. Kuisa mbatatisi dzegore rino kure nedzegore rapfuura kunoita kuti zvitatisi zvitadze kuwana chekudya kana zvabuda. Vanodya chete solanaceous zvirimwa nemasora, uye havafambi nzendo refu. Kuti zano iri rinyatso dzikisa kudzvanywa kweCPB, patsanura munda neinosvika 0.25 mamaira.
Pfita Pfungwa
Mimwe mishonga inouraya zvipembenene inodzikisira kana mushonga wekupfapfaidza wakanyanya kuwanda (semuenzaniso, spinosad, spinetoram). Vamwe vanodzikisira kana mhinduro iri alkaline-neutral (semuenzaniso, phosmet). Uye haufanirwe kushandisa mishonga yezvipembenene ine sticker/binder type adjuvants (semuenzaniso, abamectin nethiamethoxam). Zvigadzirwa izvi hazvishande nemazvo kana ukasateerera kune izvi, izvo zvinowanzo kuverengerwa mu chigadzirwa label.
Nguva Yekushandisa uye Chiyero
Zviri kuyedza kugadzira mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene pafoliar paunongoona zvipembenene zvakura. Asi kazhinji unowana kushanda kuri nani kana ukamirira kuti gonye ribude. Mishonga yezvipembenene mizhinji inoshanda zvakanyanya kurwisa makonye madiki achangochochonywa. Isu tinowanzokurudzira kugadzira mafomu efoliar kana 50% yemakonye akachochonya. Monitor CPB vanhu padhuze kuti uwane nguva chaiyo. Shandisa iyo yakazara label rate (dosage) yemushonga wezvipembenene kuti uwane mhedzisiro yakanaka.
Tenderedza Mishonga Yezvipembenene neMaitiro Akasiyana
Kuvimba nemushonga wezvipembenene (kana kuwanda kunouraya nemaitiro akafanana echiito) kunogona kukurumidza kuguma nekupokana kana kupikisa-kupikisa muhuwandu hweCPB. The Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) inoronga mishonga inouraya zvipembenene zvinoenderana nemaitiro avo. Saka unofanira tenderedza mishonga yezvipembenene kubva kumapoka akasiyana eIRAC nechishandiso chega chega. Kana ukasauraya utachiona husingachinji neimwe, unogona kuadzora nekushandiswa kunotevera kwemushonga wezvipembenene wakasiyana.
Neonicotinoid Insecticides
Varimi vazhinji vembatatisi vanotaura kutonga kwakanaka kweCBPs pavanoisa neonicotinoid (IRAC Boka 4) pakudyara kana kukurisa. Izvo zvave zvichizivikanwa kupa 80 kune 100 mazuva ekusara ekutonga. Asi kuratidzirwa kune mishonga inouraya zvipembenene nekuramba kwenguva refu mumashizha kunogona kuumba yakasimba sarudzo yekumanikidza kune kuramba. Kune akawanda neonicotinoid-resistant CPB vanhu muEast uye Midwest. Kuti tideredze njodzi kuMadokero, tinobvunza varimi kana vakashandisa chirimwa kana ku-hilling neonicotinoid, kusaisa chero foliar neonicotinoids mumwaka.
Vanozvipira Mbatata uye CPBs
Mbatatisi dzekuzvipira inzvimbo yekutanga chikafu uye nzvimbo yekuberekera yevakuru veCPB inobuda muminda yembatatisi yegore rapfuura. Vanowanzogara pamiti iyi, asi vamwe vevana vavo vanogona kupedzisira vapinda mumbatatisi yegore rino. Kana volunteers dzakajairika munharaunda yako, tarisa kune ava vanonoka kusvika. Mishonga inouraya zvipembenene yakashandiswa kudzora CPBs yakaratidza kare (ine at-plant neonicotinoid) inogona kunge yapera.
Kuwedzerwa Diapause
Vamwe vanhu veCPB vanodzivirira kusangana nemishonga inouraya zvipembenene nekugara pasi pevhu kwenguva yakareba uye kunonoka kukura kwavo. Iyi nzira yekuramba inonzi yakawedzera diapause. Ichi ndicho chimwe chikonzero chekutarisisa huwandu hweCPB muminda yembatatisi. Iwe unogona kuita maapplication kana zvipembenene zviripo pane kumwaya pakarenda.
Carrie Huffman Wohleb iAssociate Professor/Regional Specialist – Mbatata, Vegetable, uye Mbeu Zvirimwa, paWashington State University. Ona nyaya dzese dzevanyori pano.