Sychytrium endobioticum chirwere chembatatisi chinozvigarira wega munyika dzakawanda.
Mbatata ndiyo chete inorimwa, asi yemusango solanum spp. vanotapukirwawo muMexico. Chiverengero chezvirimwa zvinopisa solanaceous, kusanganisira matomatisi, zvinogona kugadzirwa neartificially inoculated.
S. endobioticum chipembenene chinosungirwa chisingaburitse hyphae, asi chinoburitsa sporangia ine 200-300 motile zoospores. Muchirimo, pane tembiricha inopfuura 8 ° C uye inopiwa unyoro hwakakwana, iyo yechando sporangia (inonziwo kuzorora spores), mukuora warts muvhu inomera uye inoburitsa uninucleate zoospores. Mazoospores ane flagellum imwe chete inoagonesa kufamba mumvura yevhu uye kusvika kune mhenyu. Iyo flagellum inobva yarasika, uye zoospore inopinda musero rinogamuchira. Izvi zvinokura zvakanyanya uye fungus yakavharwa inoumba nhanho yenguva pfupi, inokurumidza kubereka, zhizha sporangium, kubva kune akawanda mazoospores anokurumidza kuburitswa kuti adzorere masero akatenderedza, ayo zvakare anogadzira chirimo sporangia.
Kutenderera uku kunogona kudzokororwa chero bedzi mamiriro ehutachiona akakodzera, kuitira kuti matishu ekugamuchira apindire zvakanyanya. Maseru akatenderedza maseru apinzwa anozvimbawo, uye nyama inowanda, ichiburitsa chimiro chakaita sekoriflower.
Pasi pemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu ekushushikana, sekushaikwa kwemvura, nzvimbo dzinochengeterwa mhuka dzinogona kusangana pamwe chete dziri mbiri kuti dziumbe zygote; sero rinogashira rarinogadzira harizvimbi asi rinopatsanura. Rusvingo rwesero rinogara rakanyatsobatanidzwa, richigadzira jira rekunze kune rinoramba, rakakora-madziro rakazorora spore. Izvi zvinokura zvobva zvabuditswa muvhu kubva kune zvinoora. Mbeu dzekuzorora dzinogona kuramba dzichishanda kweanenge makore makumi matatu uye dzinogona kuwanikwa muvhu pakadzika kusvika masendimita makumi mashanu (Laidlaw, 30). Chirwere ichi chinogona kupararira mumachubhu embeu ane utachiona ayo anogona kunge aine tumapundu tusingaonekwe, kana muivhu rinenge rabatwa nemachubhu. Mbeu dzakazorora dzinodzivisa kugayiwa kwemhuka uye nokudaro dzinogona kuparadzirwa mutsvina.
Mazhinji pathotypes efungus aripo, anotsanangurwa nehutachiona hwavo pane akasiyana mbatatisi cultivars. Mhedziso yekuparadzirwa kwepasirese kwepathotypes yakapihwa naBaayen and unto. (2006). Pathotype 1(D1) ndiyo inonyanya kuwanikwa munharaunda yeEPPO uye, pamusoro peiyo, ndiyo chete pathotype inoitika munyika zhinji. Mamwe ma pathotypes, ikozvino akaverengerwa kusvika ku 39(P1) (anonyanya kuitika munzvimbo dzinonaya mvura yemakomo yeCentral neEastern Europe (Alps, Carpathians), semuenzaniso muCzech Republic neGermany , asi pathotype itsva, coded 38(Nevsehir), yakawanikwawo muTurkey.
Iko hakuna zvigadzirwa zvinodzivirira zvechirimwa zviripo pakurapa machubhu. Sezvakakurudzirwa neEPPO mune yenyika regulatory control system, ese machubhu uye haulmmbatatisi dzanga dzichikura panzvimbo ine utachiona dzinofanirwa 'kurapwa' kuti dziparadze S. endobioticum (semuenzaniso nekupisa machubhu nekupisa marara echirimwa, kuviga uye kurapa neraimu yakashongedzwa) kana kugadziriswa pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akachengeteka. Muzvirongwa zvakarongwa zvinofanira kurambidzwa kurima mbatatisi kana kukura (kana kuisa muvhu) chero chirimwa chekudyara. Mbatatisi dzakatarwa zviri pamutemo chete dzinoramba dzichirimwa dzinotenderwa kudyarwa munzvimbo ine buffer yakatenderedza ivhu rakatapurwa (semuenzaniso sezvinodiwawo muEU neKanzuru Directive 69/464/EEC.
Wart resistance inoramba iri chinhu chakakosha kutariswa muzvirongwa zvekupfuya mbatatisi. Nzira nhatu dzinokurudzirwa kuyedza kuramba kwewart, idzi dzese bvunzo dzemurabhoritari: Glynne-Lemmerzahl nzira, SASA yekuyedza nzira (yakagadziridzwa Glynne-Lemmerzahl) uye Spieckermann nzira.
S. endobioticum yakakosha kuvharirwa kune ese masangano ekudzivirira chirimwa ayo akagadzira mazita ekuvharirwa. EFSA inoratidza kuti mamiriro ekunze angave akakodzera kugadzirwa kwayo chero kunorimwa mbatatisi muEU. Kunyangwe iripo munyika dzakawanda, ine kugovaniswa kwakaganhurirwa mukati madzo, izvo zvinopembedza chimiro chayo chekuvharirwa. S. endobioticum zvimedu zvinozorora zvinoramba zviri muvhu zvekuti hazvina kukwanisa kuongorora misiyano ipi neipi mukugona kurarama pasi pevhu rakasiyana uye mamiriro ekunze uye pamberi pezvimwe zvirimwa.
Mufananidzo: EPPO (2024) EPPO Global Database. https://gd.eppo.int
Chirevo: EPPO (2024) Sychytrium endobioticum. EPPO datasheets pamusoro pezvipembenene zvinokurudzirwa kuti zvigadziriswe. https://gd.eppo.int (yakawanika 2024-07-30)
