Ko zvinomera zvinozvidzivirira sei kubva kune pathogenic microorganisms? Iyi ipikicha yakaoma, iyo timu yevanoongorora zvipenyu kubva kuYunivhesiti yeAmsterdam yakagadzirisa chidimbu chitsva. Chikwata ichi, chinotungamirwa naHarrold van den Burg, chakawana kuti nepo mapores emvura (hydathodes) mumashizha achipa nzvimbo yekupinda mabhakitiriya, iwowo ari chikamu chinoshingaira chekudzivirira kune ava vapambi. Tsvagiridzo yechikwata ichi yaburitswa mujenari Current Biology.
Chero ani anoshandiswa kupa zvirimwa mvura yakawanda anogona kuziva chiitiko: madonhwe madiki emuto wechirimwa dzimwe nguva anoonekwa pamucheto wemashizha, kunyanya panguva yehusiku. Kana zvirimwa zvikatora mvura yakawanda kuburikidza nemidzi yazvo kupfuura iyo inorasika kuburikidza nekuputika, vanogona kushandisa mapores avo emvura pamashizha emashizha kuburitsa mvura yakawandisa. Iyo pores inodzivirira chaizvo midzi yemvura kudzvinyirirwa kubva pakukwira zvakanyanya. Iyi ndiyo nzira inokosha, asi panguva imwechete, ine ngozi. Pathogenic microorganisms inogona kupinda mutsinga dzechirimwa kuburikidza nemadonhwe aya emuto kuti atore mapores emvura.
Saka nyanzvi dzezvinhu zvipenyu dzave dzichizvibvunza dzimene kwenguva refu kuti: Miti inozvidzivirira sei paiyi nzvimbo yakashama yokupinda nayo? Ko iwo maburi emvura, ma hydathodes, magavhu asingadziviriri anobvumira kupinda kwakakwana kwezvipembenene zvinokuvadza here? Kana kuti dzakashanduka-shanduka here zvokuti dzinenge dziri rutivi rwomudziviriro wechirimwa pautachiona?
Mutsara wekudzivirira
Chikwata chevaongorori kubva kuSwammerdam Institute for Life Sciences paYunivhesiti yeAmsterdam chakawana humbowo hwekuti iyo yekupedzisira ndiyo nyaya. Mujenari Current Biology, vanotsanangura kuedza kwavo nemuenzaniso chirimwa Arabidopsis uye marudzi maviri ekukuvadza bakitiriya. Arabidopsis, kana thale cress, ine hukama nemhando dzese dzekabichi uye zvimwe zvinodyiwa zvirimwa mumhuri yeBrassicaceae. Nyanzvi dzezvinhu zvipenyu dzakaona kuti maburi emvura chikamu chezvese chirimwa chekutanga uye chechipiri chekudzivirira pautachiona. Mune mamwe mazwi, ivo vanobatanidzwa mune zvose zviri zviviri kukurumidza kupindura kwekutanga uye zviito zvekutevera kune vapambi.
Harrold van den Burg, uyo akatungamira chikwata chevatsvakurudzi, anotsanangura, “Kuchidzidzo ichi, takashandisa Arabidopsis mutants nekushomeka muzvidzidzo zvavo. rokuzvidzivirira izvo zvakaita kuti vawedzere kutapukirwa nebhakitiriya Xanthomonas campestris uye Pseudomonas syringae. Takasarudza mabhakitiriya aya nekuti anokonzera matambudziko ane mukurumbira mukurima. Apa dzaishandiswa kubatsira kuvhunura immune system yechirimwa.
"Takakwanisa kuona kuti maprotein complexes maviri (kune avo vanofarira: BAK1 uye EDS1-PAD4-ADR1) anodzivirira mabhakitiriya kuti asawande mumapores emvura. Iwowo maitiro ekudzivirira ekudzivirira anodzivirirawo mabhakitiriya aya kuti asaenderere mberi mukati mechirimwa. Pamusoro pezvo, takaona kuti kana mutsara wekutanga wekudzivirira ukaitika, maburi emvura anoburitsa chiratidzo chinoita kuti chirimwa chibudise mahormone anodzvanyirira kupararira kweutachiona hunopinda mutsinga yetsinga.”
Ita kuti mbesa dzekurima dzirambe dzakasimba
Chikwata ichi nokudaro chinopa kukosha kwakakosha nzwisiso yekuti aya masikirwo ekupinda mabhakitiriya akashanduka sei uye anodzivirirwa nechirimwa immune system. Nekufamba kwenguva, izvi zvinogona kubatsira kuita kuti zvirimwa zvekurima zvirambe zvichishingirira kuzvirwere zvehutachiona.
Van den Burg anoti, "Parizvino tichaenderera mberi nemutsara uyu wekutsvaga. Semuenzaniso, isu tave kuziva kuti ndeapi maprotein complexes anobatanidzwa mukudzivirira mabhakitiriya kubva mukuwanda mumvura pores, asi kwete kuti izvi zvinoitika sei. Ivo semuenzaniso vanodzora kugadzirwa kweantimicrobial zvinhu mu hydathodes inotadzisa bhakitiriya kukura? Izvo zvingave zvinonakidza kuziva. Kunzwisisa kwatinoita izvi, ndiko kuswedera kwatinoita kune chishandiso chinoshanda chekuchengetedzwa kuri nani kwe zvirimwa zvekurima. "