Ivhu rezvinhu zvakasikwa rave musoro unozivikanwa wekukurukura mugore rapfuura. In Ontario, mushumo kubva kunopera 2016 wakaratidza ivhu rezvinhu zvevhu (SOM) mumatunhu mazhinji eprovince ari pamakore gumi nemashanu, zvichienderana nekuwedzera kufarira mukushandiswa kwezvirimwa zvekuvhara, zvakaderedzwa- kana kwete-kusvikira utariri uye kutenderera kwakareba mumakore matatu kusvika mashanu apfuura.

PaPrince Edward Island (PEI), nyaya yevhu yepasi yezvinhu zvakasarudzika inonetsawo. Munguva ye2018 International Potato Technology Expo muna Kukadzi apfuura, hutano hwevhu hwakanga uri mumwe wemisoro yekuratidzira uye hurukuro, zvakanyanya kunetsekana pakati pevashandi veindasitiri sezvazviri kune varimi.

Vazhinji varimi vari kurima pa2.0 kusvika ku2.5 muzana ivhu remanyowa, kunyangwe vamwe kumagumo kwakanyanya kwetambo vari pasi pezana muzana. Zvakwana kuti vatengesi nemakambani embeu vari kukurudzira kushandiswa kwezvirimwa zvekuvhara kuchengetedza ivhu dzvuku jecha paChitsuwa. Vamwe vari kurairawo varimi kuti vawedzere kutenderera kwavo nechibage, gorosi remuchando kana pizi.

One of the surprising sights at the 2018 Potato Expo was at the McCain booth, where attendees could view a slide presentation on the company’s introduction of a multi-species cover crop blend, with a bag of the seed mix on display.

Bryce Drummond, territory manager with McCain Fertilizer, a division of McCain Produce, notes the soil organic matter issue has been developing for decades but that it’s become more serious in the past 10 to 15 years. Prior to 2003, P.E.I. had a healthy livestock sector with beef cattle and hogs. When bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) hit Western Canada, it also affected the beef sector in the Maritimes and reduced the hog market in the region shortly thereafter.

Pakange paine chikamu chezvipfuyo, kutenderera kwakajairika kwevarimi vembatatisi yaive mbatatisi, zviyo uyezve uswa kana chirimwa chefuruji. Mushure mekurohwa kweBSE, pakanga paine musika mushoma kana musina wemombe kana wezviyo zvinopihwa kumombe.

Bryce Drummond, territory manager with McCain Fetiraiza:
 

"Mutengo wezviyo wakadzikira nekuti pakanga pasina mombe dzekufudza uye varimi vaitsvaga goho remari, uye soya ndiyo yaive sarudzo yakanaka."

"Zvino, varimi vazhinji vembatatisi vanoona kuti soya haikwanisi kutenderera uye vanga vachinyanya kufunga nezvembatatisi, saka vari kurima mbatatisi uye chirimwa chekuvhara."

Mumakore mashoma akapfuura, McCain has come up with two blends, a one-year (annual) and a two-year. The one-year features 13 species, including pearl millet, sorghum Sudan grass, spring oats, dwarf Essex rape, Austrian winter peas, fababeans, chickling vetch, balansa clover, buckwheat, sunflower, phacelia, Winter Hawk ryegrass and Ethiopian cabbage.

Musanganiswa wemakore maviri une marudzi gumi nemaviri, nemaparera mapfunde, mhunga yeSudan huswa, oats emuchirimo, mapizi echando eAustria, machisa eefababeans, balansa clover uye sunflower - ese egore. Ivo vanofa mushure megore rekutanga vachisiya gohwo regore rechipiri reZhizha Hawk ryegrass, risingaperi ryegrass, alfalfa, yakapetwa kaviri-mutsvuku mutsvuku uye timothy.

Panyaya yenguva yekudyara inosanganiswa yezvirimwa, Drummond anoti kudyara pamberi paJune 15 (mumakore mazhinji) paChitsuwa hakukurudzirwe. Huswa hwakaita semapfunde nemapfunde muSudan inoda kudziya kwakanyanya kuitira kuti ikure pakukwirira kwayo, iyo inomhanyisa kugadzirwa kwebiomass uye inoderedza kuomarara.

Tichifunga kuti pane mashoma mashoma ivhu mhando pa PEI - inonyanya kuita ngura-ine jecha jaya loam iyo, ehe, inoshanda mushe nembatatisi - izvi zviviri zvakasanganiswa zvakagadzirirwa ivhu riya uye nembatatisi sechirimwa chakakosha. Alfalfa inoshandiswa pamuti wayo wepombi kutsemuka nepakati peyakaomeswa uye imbunde inopa yakawedzera nitrogen. Sunflower inoburitsa midzi exudates iyo inoburitsa zinc kubva muvhu uye inoburitsa mwaka unotevera. Buckwheat inokura ine yakanaka midzi midzi, inoyevedza kune bhasikoro ivhu phosphorus, yakakosha fetiraiza mukugadzira mbatatisi, uye inowedzera kuwanikwa kwayo muzvirimwa zvinotevera.

Drummond anocherekedza iyo kambani yakavhura iyo yegore-gore yakawanda-mhando musanganiswa mu2017, ichitevera pamwe nemakore maviri musanganiswa gore rino. Vamiriri vekambani vakashanyira minda yakasiyana siyana kwavakange vakadyara musanganiswa wegore rimwe chete, kuti vaone kuti chii chakashanda kana kusashanda.

Bryce Drummond:
 

"Panguva ino gore rinouya, ndine chokwadi kuti musanganiswa uchange wakasiyana."

"Hapana munda mumwe unotaridzika zvakafanana, uye zvichienderana nekuti munda urikushaikwa kana kuti une zvakawandisa zvinovaka muviri, munda wese watakatarisa gore rakapera wakasiyana zvachose."


Masora manejimendi uye kubereka

The learning curve isn’t as steep as some might think. Cover crops aren’t exactly a new idea in the region. Several years ago, growers planted mustard as a cover, with the belief that it provided control of wireworm (a different species than that found in Ontario). However, Drummond points out that the multi-species blends developed by McCain are not hosts for anything. Instead, the blends are designed to help build SOM.

Zvakadaro, kune mamwe mativi akasiyana nenzira inobatsira. Kudzora kwesora mumatatata kunosiyana kubva pachibage, gorosi uye soya kutenderera, asi Drummond anocherekedza kuti imwe yemisanganiswa yemarudzi akawanda inopa manejimendi anoshanda, kunyanya nekuti zvidiki zvinokwanisa kupinda mumuti wakakora wechirimwa chekuvhara. Kana iri yekuisa fetiraiza, hapana mutemo wakaomarara uye nekukurumidza kana.

Bryce Drummond

“Chatinokurudzira pano kumirira kuti chirimwa chibude, tobva tashambadza dzinosvika makumi matatu. Yenitrogen chaiyo, saka uri kutarisa nezve zana emamirioni. yecalcitic ammonium nitrate. ”

"Vamwe varimi vanosarudza kusashandisa fetiraiza voona zvibereko."

Icho chikonzero chingave zvakare chine chekuita pamwe nekubatanidzwa kweezuva, buckwheat uye pizi. Sunflower inosunga uye inoburitsa zvinovaka muviri mumwaka unotevera, buckwheat inodya chikafu chinowedzera, uye pizi dzinopa N kune zvirimwa zvinotevera.

Chigadzirwa cheChibage paChitsuwa chakapikiswa nekukakavadzana kwenguva, nevarimi vari mubishi mumatatata apo chibage chinoda kutarisirwa. (Courtesy Andrew Van Wiechen, Phillips Agri Services)

Dzimwe nzira dzekucheka

Panguva ya2008 International Potato Technology Expo, Pioneer Hi-Bred (sezvaizivikanwa panguva iyoyo), yakagamuchira dumba uye yaive ichishingairira kusimudzira chibage, soya uye gorosi rechando sezvirimwa zvekutenderera mbatatisi.

Soya ndiyo yainyanyo kudikanwa panguva iyoyo, ichipiwa nyore kwayo mukudyara (sezvo varimi vazhinji vaitenderedza zviyo nemapatatisi avo uye nekudaro vaizove ne drill yembeu). Izvo zvakaonekwa sezviri nyore kubata, uye mumazuva apo chikamu cheNguruve chakatsiga, vagadziri vaigona kugocha soya dzekudya, kunyange hazvo zvigadzirwa zvakawanda zvakatumirwa nemaelevhi emuno.

Pakutanga kwegore ra2010, pakanga paine humbowo hwehuwandu hwekuwedzera mukugadzirwa kwesoya, zvakangoita sechirimwa chinotenderera, asi zvakakurumidza kuve pachena kuti soya inowedzera zvishoma kana chero chinhu kune ivhu maererano nemasara, uye vanodya yakawanda kwazvo potash.

Pa2018 Potato Expo, Andrew Van Wiechen aive kuDuPont Pioneer booth, uye yaive chibage chakakurukurwa, kunyanya nekuda kwemasara ayo uye kukanganisa kungave kune kwenguva yakareba yevhu organic organic.

Kukwira kunonoka kwekugadzirwa kwechibage paChitsuwa. Kune kutanga, hausi musika wakakura zvakakwana wekusimudzira chaiyo yakasanganiswa yekuvandudza. Asi kudyara kwemidziyo zvakare kwakanyanya uye kune akati wandei ane chekuita nemamiriro ekunze anofanirwa kutariswa. Kunyangwe paine zvasara zvekugona kwayo, pane zvakare mubvunzo wekuti murimi anoita nezvei nebhini-rizere nechibage?

Izvo zvese zvinodzika kune imwechete yekutanga tarisiro pa PEI: mbatatisi.

Andrew Van Wiechen, anoshandira Phillips Agri Services muCharlottetown:

"Unofanirwa kunzwisisa basa ravo, kwavari kuchera mbatatisi muna Gumiguru uye ibasa rinonetsa, zvinoda ruzivo rwakanyanya nekuti chirimwa chinoora."

“Mushure meizvozvo, kuyedza kurima chibage hakufadzi kuvanhu vazhinji. "Zvimwe zvatinoona murimi wechibage anozogadzirirwa nemuchina weoma uye mubatanidzwa uye mudyari uyo acharima chirimwa ichi."

Dryer yakakosha mukugadzirwa kwechibage pachiwi. Kunyangwe PEI ichifarira mamiriro ekunze ane mwero, manheru emuchirimo anotonhorera, zvichimanikidza chirimwa "kukwira kumusoro" zuva rinotevera. Yakasangana neyekupedzisira mazaya muchando, zvinoreva kuti chirimwa chinosvika dema dema uye chakura, asi kazhinji pamanyoro emvura anosvika makumi matatu muzana. Ndicho chimwe chinhu icho Van Wiechen anoti varimi vanofanirwa kugamuchira kuitira kuti varime chibage pa PEI

Andrew Van Wiechen, Phillips Agri Services

"Hakusi kunakidza kwakawanda kuyedza kuisa izvozvo muchomisi, uye izvozvo zvinotyisa vanhu vazhinji."

“Kudonha kwakapfuura uku kwaive kwakanaka senge kwauchazowana, uye chibage chaipinda mukati ne25 muzana, uye unogona kuzvigona. "Pamwe ndipo panotemesa musoro."

Izvo zvinongobatanidza dambudziko rekugadzira chibage mudunhu. Muchikamu chinokura mbatatisi cheNew Brunswick (kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweFredericton - ingangoita pakati peWoodstock neGreat Falls), chinonyanya kutyisidzira mahybrids echibage kutanga kwechando. MuAnnapolis Valley yeNova Scotia, tembiricha inodziya inopa mamiriro akakwana ehuwandu hwekukura zvizere.

Kumadokero akananga kuMabvazuva

Imwe tsika iri kubatsira kugadzirwa kwechibage cheMaritimes ibasa rekuberekesa rakaitirwa kuWestern Canada. Mapfupi-mwaka mahybrids mumabasa ekuMadokero zvakare anovhura mikana yakawanda kune varimi veMaritime.

Zvekushandisa kwekupedzisira, sarudzo dzechibage dzinosanganisira kutakura marori kune zvigayo muMoncton kana Annapolis Valley. Pakupedzisira, mutengo wekutakura marori unongoverengerwa sechikamu chemutengo wekukura chirimwa.

Andrew Van Wiechen:

"Dzimwe chibage chedu chine huremu hushoma, asi izvo zviri kuchinja nemhando itsva idzi nekuti dziri kukura kare nekuoma mumunda, nekuwedzera huremu hwehuswa."

Kune chibage, kune iyo mari, yekupedzisira-mwaka manejimendi uye kudzidza zvakawanda nezve goho uye zvipingamupinyi uye mabhenefiti - zvakanyanya senge zvirimwa zvekuvhara.

Kunyangwe iri nzira, zvakadaro, uye kana yakavakirwa pazvirimwa zvekuvhara kana chibage, iyo hondo yekuzadza ivhu rezvinhu zvemukati mamakisi haizopfuure chero nguva munguva pfupi.

Sezvinozivikanwa nemunhu wese paChitsuwa, zvinotora nguva.