Munguva yeHondo Yemakore Manomwe pakati pemakore ekuma1700, mumwe wemishonga yechiFrench anonzi Antoine-Augustin Parmentier akabatwa nemasoja ePrussia. Semusungwa wehondo, akamanikidzwa kurarama pamugove wembatatisi. Pakati pezana ramakore rechi18 France, izvi zvaigona kuita sechirango chine hutsinye uye chisina kujairika: mbatatisi dzaifungidzirwa senzira yekudya zvipfuyo, uye vaitendwa kuti kukonzera maperembudzi muvanhu. Kutya kwaive kwakapararira zvekuti vaFrance vakapa mutemo pamusoro pavo muna 1748.
Asi sekuonekwa kwaParmentier mutirongo, mbatatisi dzaive dzisina kuuraya. Muchokwadi, ivo vaiyevedza zvinonaka. Kutevera kuburitswa pakupera kwehondo, mupiki wemishonga akatanga kutendeutsa vanhu vemunyika yake pamusoro pezvishamiso zveiyo tuber. Imwe nzira yaakaita izvi yaive yekuratidza nzira dzese dzinonaka dzaigona kupihwa, kusanganisira mashed. Pakazosvika 1772, France yakanga yasimudza kurambidzwa kwayo kwembatatisi. Mazana emakore gare gare, unogona kuodha mbatatisi yakashambidzwa mune dzakawanda nyika, mumaresitorendi anotangira pakudya nekukurumidza kusvika pakudya kwakanaka.
Nyaya yema mbatatisi yakachekwa inotora makore zviuru gumi uye inopfuura nemumakomo ePeru nenyika yekuIreland; inoratidzira cameos kubva kuna Thomas Jefferson uye musayendisiti wezvekudya uyo akabatsira kugadzira chikafu chinowanikwa munzvimbo dzese. Tisati tasvika kwavari, zvakadaro, ngatidzokerei pakutanga.
MAVAMBO EZVETU
Mbatatisi haisi yekuIreland - kana chero nzvimbo muEurope, izvo. Ivo vangangodaro vakagadziriswa mumakomo eAndes ePeru uye kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweBolivia, kwavakange vachishandisirwa chikafu kanenge kumashure senge 8000 BCE.
Iyi mbatatisi yekutanga yaive yakasiyana zvakanyanya nembatatisi dzatinoziva nhasi. Vakauya vakasiyana siyana zvimiro uye hukuru uye ndaive ne kuravira kuti hapana huwandu hwekubika hwaigona kubvisa. Vakanga vanewo chepfu zvishoma. Kuti varwise huturu uhu, hama dzemusango dzemallama dzainanzva ivhu vasati vadya. Uturu huri mumatatata hwainamatira kune zvidimbu zvevhu, zvichibvumira mhuka kuti dzigodya dzakachengeteka. Vanhu vari muAndes vakazviona izvi ndokutanga kunamira mbatatisi yavo mumusanganiswa wevhu nemvura-kwete girafu inonakidza kwazvo, pamwe, asi mhinduro yehunyanzvi kuchinetso chavo chembatatisi. Kunyangwe nanhasi, apo kusarudzika kwekusarudza kwaita mhando zhinji dzembatatisi dzakachengeteka kudyiwa, dzimwe mhando dzine chepfu dzinogona kutengwa mumisika yeAndes, uko kwavanotengeswa pamwe chete nekugaya-kubatsira guruva revhu.
Panguva iyo vaongorori veSpanish pavakaunza mbatatisi dzekutanga kuEurope kubva kuSouth America muzana ramakore rechi16, dzaive dzakasimwa mumuti unodyiwa zvizere. Zvakavatorera nguva kuti vabate mhiri kwemakungwa, zvakadaro. Nedzimwe nhoroondo, varimi vekuEurope vaifungira zvirimwa zvisina kutaurwa muBhaibheri; vamwe vanoti chaive chokwadi chekuti mbatatisi inokura kubva mumatubhu, kwete mhodzi.
Vanyori vezvakaitika kare vembatata vanopokana idzi pfungwa, zvakadaro. Kuregererwa kweKabichi kubva muBhaibheri hakuna kuita sekukuvadza kufarirwa kwayo, uye kurimwa kwe tulip, uchishandisa mababu pane mbeu, zvaiitika panguva imwe chete. Rinogona kunge rakangove dambudziko rekurima. Mamiriro ekunze ekuSouth America matapiri akasimudzwa mukati akange akasiyana neaya anowanikwa muEurope, kunyanya maererano nemaawa ezuva masikati. MuEurope, mbatatisi dzakakura mashizha nemaruva, ayo ma botanist akaverenga zviri nyore, asi ma tubers avakagadzira akaramba ari madiki kunyangwe mushure memwedzi yekukura. Iri dambudziko rakatanga kugadziriswa apo veSpanish vakatanga kurima mbatatari kuCanary Islands, iyo yaishanda senge nzvimbo yepakati pakati pequatorial South America uye nekuchamhembe kwemamiriro ekunze eEurope.
Zvakakosha kutaura, zvakadaro, kuti kune humwe humbowo hwehukama hwetsika hwambotaurwa. Pane zvirevo zviri pachena kuvanhu vari muScotland Highlands vasingadi kuti mbatatisi hadzina kutaurwa muBhaibheri, uye tsika senge kudyara mbatatisi paChishanu Chakanaka uye dzimwe nguva kumwaya nemvura tsvene kunoratidza humwe hukama hwehukama hwekushandisa mbatatisi. Ivo vaive vachiwedzera kuve vakajairika, asi kwete pasina gakava. Sezvo nguva yakafamba, kunetseka pamusoro pematatata achikonzera maperembudzi kwakakanganisa zita ravo zvakanyanya.
MBATU DZAKANGOTANGA KUSVIRA
Vashoma vevatsigiri vembatatisi, kusanganisira Parmentier, vakakwanisa kushandura mufananidzo wembatatisi. Mubhuku rake resipi yezana ramakore rechi 18 Unyanzvi hweKuki, Munyori wechiNgezi Hannah Glasse akaraira vaverengi kuti vabike mbatatisi, vosvuura, voisa mupoto, vozadza nemukaka, ruomba, uye munyu. MuUnited States, Mary Randolph akaburitsa a recipe yemazamu mbatatisi mubhuku rake, Mukadzi wemuVirginia, iyo yaidaidzira hafu yeti yetirairi nepuniki yemukaka wepondo yetapiri.
Asi hapana nyika yakagamuchira mbatatisi seIreland. Chikafu chakaomarara, chine chikafu chakaita kunge chakagadzirirwa chando chisingafadzi chechitsuwa ichi. Uye hondo pakati peEngland neIreland dzinogona kukurumidza kuchinjisa ikoko; sezvo chikamu chakakosha chiri kukura pasi pevhu, chaive nemukana uri nani wekupona chiitiko chemauto. Vanhu veIreland vaidawo mbatatisi yavo yakakwenenzverwa, kazhinji iine kabichi kana kare mundiro inozivikanwa se Colcannon. Mbatatisi dzaive dzinopfuura chikafu chinodyiwa ipapo; vakave chikamu chekuzivikanwa kweIrish.
Asi chirimwa chinoshamisa chakauya nechikanganiso chikuru: Zviri kubatwa nechirwere, kunyanya mbatata inononoka kunaya, kana Phytophtora infestans. Apo microorganism yakapinda muIreland muma1840, varimi vakarasikirwa nehupenyu hwavo uye mhuri zhinji dzakarasikirwa nekwavo kwekutanga chikafu. Nzara yeMbatatisi yeIrish yakauraya vanhu miriyoni, kana munhu wechisere wevagari vemunyika. Hurumende yeBritain, pachayo, yakapa tsigiro shoma kune vanotongwa veIreland.
Imwe nhaka isingatarisirwi yePotato Nzara yaive kuputika mu zvekurima sayenzi. Charles Darwin akatanga kushamisika nedambudziko reropa rembatatisi padanho rekubatsira uye nesainzi; kunyange iye pachake Yakabhadharwa kubereka kwembatatisi chirongwa muIreland. Yake yaingova imwe yemabasa mazhinji. Vachishandisa mbatatisi idzo dzakapona kubva ku blight uye nyowani yekuSouth America stock, vekuEuropeanursurist vakapedzisira vakwanisa kubereka hutano, hwakasimba mbatatisi uye kuvaka zvakare huwandu hwechirimwa. Izvi zvakakurudzira kutsvagurudza mumiti yemagineti, uye chaive chikamu chesangano rakakura raisanganisira basa raGregor Mendel rekuvhuvhuta pizi dzebindu.
Maturusi EASHED POTATO DZIMWE
Pakati pekutanga kwezana ramakumi maviri, chishandiso chinonzi mupfumi chakatanga kuoneka mudzimba dzekubikira. Icho chibvumirano chesimbi chakafanana neakanyanya garlic gariki, uye haina chekuita nekugadzira mupunga. Kana mbatatisi dzakabikwa dzasvinwa kuburikidza nemaburi madiki ari pasi pechisviniro, anoshandurwa kuita akanaka, mupunga wakakura zvidimbu.
Maitiro acho akaderera zvakanyanya pane kushandisa masher yechinyakare, uye inoburitsa mhedzisiro inonakidza. Kusanganisa matapiri ako mukuburitswa kwekukanganwa gelatinized starch kubva kumasero emiti anopenya pamwechete kuti aumbe kusagadzikana-kufanana. Kana iwe wakamboravira "inonamira" mbatatisi yakakwenenzverwa, kunyanyisa-kutsinga kwaigona kunge kuri iko kukanganisa. Uine mupfumi, haufanire kushungurudza mbatatisi yako kuti uwane unatsetseka, usina bundu. Dzimwe purists dzinopikisa kuti mbatatisi yakakwenenzverwa yakagadzirwa nenzira iyi haina kunyatso nyunyutiswa zvachose - dzakasvinwa - asi ngatirege kurega pedantry ichipinda munzira yemakabohydrate anonaka.
KUSHANDUKA KWENYANZVI MASHED POTATOES
Kana mashedhi embatatisi ane maonero pamusoro pevapfumi, ivo vanotove nechimwe chinhu chekutaura nezve ichi chinotevera budiriro. Muma1950, vatsvakurudzi pane inonzi nhasi Eastern Regional Research Center, dhipatimendi reUnited States rezvekurima kunze kwePhiladelphia, yakagadzira nzira nyowani yekudzikisa mvura mbatatisi iyo yakazopa maputi embatatisi anogona kukurumidza kudzoreredzwa kumba. Nguva pfupi yapfuura, yazvino mbichana mashed mbatatari akazvarwa.
Izvo zvakakosha kuti utaure kuti izvi zvaive kure nekutanga nguva mbatatisi yanga yashaiswa mvura. Kufambidzana kumashure kunguva inguva yeIncas, chuño iri mbatatisi yakaomeswa nechando inogadzirwa kuburikidza nekubatanidzwa kwemaoko emawoko uye nemamiriro ekunze. Iyo Incas yakapa iyo mauto uye vakaishandisa kuchengetedza kushomeka kwezvirimwa.
Kuedzwa kwekuomesa kwemaindasitiri kwaienda kuma1700s, imwe tsamba 1802 kuna Thomas Jefferson ichikurukura nezvechinhu chitsva pawakagaya mbatatisi ukadzvanya majusi ese kunze, uye keke rinoguma raigona kuchengetwa kwemakore. Paakaiswazve mvura "yainge yakaita sembatatisi yakachekwa" zvinoenderana netsamba. Zvinosuruvarisa, iyo mbatatisi yaive nekombamiro yekushanduka kuita yepepuru, inonaka-inonaka makeke.
Kufarira mbatatisi yakakwenenzverwa ipapo kwakatangazve panguva yechipiri Hondo Yenyika nguva, asi iwo mavhezheni aive mushishi ane huswa kana kutora zvachose Yakanga isiri iyo kutangisa kweE ERRC muma1950s kuti mbatatisi yakaomeswa yakaomeswa yaigona kugadzirwa. Chimwe chezviitiko zvakakosha chaive chekutsvaga nzira yekuomesa mbatatisi dzakabikwa nekukurumidza, zvichideredza huwandu hwekuparara kwemasero uye nekudaro kudyiwa kweyekupedzisira-chigadzirwa. Aya mazizi embatatisi anokwana zvakakwana mukumuka kwezvinonzi zviri nyore zvekudya panguva iyoyo, uye akabatsira kudyiwa kwembatatisi muma1960s mushure mekuderera mumakore apfuura.
Instant mashed mbatatisi chishamiso chesainzi yezvokudya, asi havazi ivo chete vanoshandisa masayendisiti akawanikwa eaya matsva mapatata. Miles Willard, mumwe wevaongorori veERRC, akaenderera mberi achishanda munzvimbo yakazvimiririra, uko basa rake rakabatsira kubatsira kumarudzi matsva ezvikafu zvekudya vachishandisa zvakaumbwazve mbatatisi-kusanganisira Pringles.