Sarudzo nyowani dzekugadzirisa kupfapfaidza droplet deposition mumbatatisi

Iko kune ruzivo rudiki pamusoro pekukanganisa kwerudzi rwenozzle pasi pekanopi yembesa yembatatisi. Pane fungidziro isiriyo yakakurumbira yekuti faindi yakapfapfaidza inosarudzwa. 

Kuiswa kwemishonga yezvipembenene kwakakosha kudzora tumbuyu, masora nezvirwere zvisinei, kuziva nezvekusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza kuri kufambisa shanduko yeindasitiri.

Madhizaini emazuva ano nozzle anogona kuendesa mhando yekupfapfaidza iyo inoderedza kunyura kwepfapfaidzo pasina kukanganisa kuvharika kwekupfapfaidza kana kushanda kwechigadzirwa. Paunenge uchipfapfaidza, zvakakosha kufunga nezvekudyidzana kwakaoma. Chigadzirwa chacho chinongova hafu yemagumo ekupedzisira. Imwe hafu ichauya kubva kumvumo yenguva, sarudzo yenozzle, kumhanya kumberi, kugadzikana kweboom, kureba kweboom, vhoriyamu yemvura, kupfapfaidza kudzvanywa, kona yenozzle uye kutarisisa kune zvakadzama nemushandisi.

Kukwirisa mhedzisiro yemishonga yesora, blight fungicides uye desiccants uku ichideredza njodzi yekukukurwa, ndiyo inonakidza mukana weiyo chaiyo nozzle sarudzo. Kupfapfaidza application kunonyanya kushanda kana yakaringana saizi yedonhwe rechinangwa chinoshandiswa. Izvo zvakakosha kuti uwane yakakwana, yetatu-dimensional yekuvhara mukati mecanopy. Nekuwedzera kwekupfapfaidza kwemishonga yezvipembenene sechinhu chinonetsa, varimi vakasuduruka vakananga kumhepo-inosanganisirwa nozzles kuti vabudise madonhwe makuru. Mubvunzo wanga uri wekuti izvi zvinoshandura sei kuhunyanzvi hwekuita mune inononoka blight kana desiccation chirongwa?

Iko kune ruzivo rudiki pamusoro pekukanganisa kwerudzi rwenozzle pasi pekanopi yembesa yembatatisi. Pane fungidziro isiriyo yakakurumbira yekuti fine spray inodiwa. Ruzhinji rwekunzwisisa rwakabva kune data rakawedzerwa kubva muzviyo uye risingayererwe in situ mukati mehomwe mbatatisi canopy. Kuvakwa kwecanopy yechirimwa chembatatisi pamwe chete nepedyo pedyo nembeu dzakavakidzana dzinoita chipingamupinyi chikuru chekutonga kwakakwana kwemishonga yezvipembenene. Kuyerwa kwekupfapfaidza kuiswa mumbatatisi kwagara kuri kushanda nesimba uko kwaisanganisira chromatography, masiraidhi akavharidzirwa, maitiro akasiyana efluorometry uye bepa rinonzwa mvura.

Helios SC fluorescent yero dhayi yakawedzerwa kune tangi yekupfapfaidza pamwe nekurapa kwe deiccation uye yakapfapfaidzwa kuburikidza nemanozzles mana akasiyana - Lechler IDTA, 3D makumi mapfumbamwe, Wilger uye Guardian Air Twin. Mishonga yese yakaiswa pa400 litres paHa uchishandisa zvikamu zvekota boom, mumapasi maviri akapatsanurwa anoenderana nekugadziriswa kwenozzle.

Mashizha ega ega akasarudzwa kubva muzvirimwa zvina zvakadhindwa uye kupetwa mumunda panguva yese yekurapwa vachishandisa zvikamu zvekota boom kubva kuFastrac 2170 & Knight 2000 litre inodzikiswa 28m yekutengesa sprayer ine Scorgie booms.

Data yecalibration yezvipfuyo zviri kuongororwa pa400 litres paHa vhoriyamu yemvura 

3 Bhawa 6 km paawa - 2.0 malita paminiti

Wilger 025 DR 110

Syngenta 3D Makumi mapfumbamwe 05

4 Bar 5.5 km neawa - 1.85 litita paminiti

Guardian Air Twin 04

Lechler IDTA 120 04C

Kuwedzera kufukidzwa kwemashizha kana kupinda kwecanopy kungasagara kuchienderana nekuwedzera kwehunyanzvi hwekuita! Chirimwa chakanangwa chaive mbeu yePentland Dell yakapfapfaidzwa mangwanani akadzikama emusi wa2 Gunyana 2021.

Kufambira mberi mumagetsi evatengi kwakaita kuti mukana weiyo yepamusoro-yepamusoro resolution desktop imaging ichokwadi chehupfumi kune vanoongorora. Quantitative image analysis ikozvino inogoneka nehunyanzvi, kunyangwe vashoma vayedza pakugona kwemazuva ano kwepamusoro-resolution. Chidzidzo ichi chakabatanidza ongororo yekushanda kwebhayoloji kwemushonga mumwe chete wekurapa wakashandiswa kuburikidza nemhando ina dzemhuno uye yakaongorora nzira yedigital yekuongorora yekusiyanisa kupfapfaidza deposition. Mashizha acho akatorwa mifananidzo pamunda headland achishandisa bhokisi dema pasi pechiedza chefluorescent. Iyo yekupfapfaidza deposition uye kusiyanisa mukati mekudzika kwecanopy kwakaongororwa mazuva mashoma gare gare kuburikidza nekombuta software neSyngenta muCambridge.

Kunyatsonzwisisa kuiswa kwemadonhwe mukati membatatisi canopy kunozopedzisira kwapa kunzwisisa kwakawanda kwekuita kwemaitiro ekupfapfaidza, uye kupa varimi simba rekuita sarudzo dzinoshanda mukushandisa spray. Hunhu hwekupfapfaidza ezvigadziriso zvina zvekutengesa (zvakajairwa flat fan vs kuisirwa kwemhepo), pamatanho maviri akasiyana ekuyerera kwemvura (004 vs 005 vs 2x 025), yakavambwa maererano nekuita desiccation.

Mipfumbu ina yese yakaita zvakafanana maererano nekukasira kupera kwechirimwa.

Mwero wekuyerera, kudzvanywa uye kutariswa kwechinangwa kunopa mhedzisiro yakakosha. Kuvharwa mucanopy yepasi kwaive kwakakwira ne2 x 025 flat fan nozzle asi zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti application yacho yakashandiswa pazuva risina mhepo. Dai mamiriro anga akanyanya kuoma, iyo 90% dhift yekudzikisa nozzles inofungidzirwa kuve yakasimba. Kuisa patani yekupfapfaidza kana uchirapa mbesa dzembatatisi kunogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kushanda kwedhipoziti yekupfapfaidza, zvichienzaniswa nekushandisa neyakajairwa vertical flat fan nozzles. Mhedzisiro yacho inoratidza kutengeserana kwakajeka pakati pespray drift uye kuvhara.

Anoshanda matipi evarimi

Hunhu hwedhipoziti hunoenderana;

• Huwandu hwenzvimbo yemashizha munzvimbo inotarirwa
• Chimiro chechinangwa
• Vertical plant structures vaunganidzi vakanaka vepfapfaidzo inofamba yakatwasuka
• Horizonal plant structures vaunganidzi vakanaka vepfapfaidzo inofamba yakatwasuka asi pamusoro pecanopy chete.
• Nzira yekushandisa
• Droplet trajectory
• Droplet size uye kukurumidza
• Mwaya vhoriyamu

Zvidzidzo zvakapfuura zvinoratidza saizi yekudonhedza kuve pesvedzero huru pakuisa madonhwe. Huwandu hwehukuru hwemadonhwe hunogona kupa mwero wepamusoro wekupinza kwegoho. Izvi zvakakosha kuti uve nechokwadi chekupfapfaidza kupinda kweanonoka blight fungicides kana foliar desiccants kune yakaderera mbesa. Kunyangwe madonhwe madiki kusvika epakati, anowanzoonekwa seanodiwa kuti avhare zvakakwana, ari panjodzi yekukukurwa.

Izvi zvinogona kutsanangurwa nekufamba kune simba kwemhepo kuyambuka boom. Mukuita kwekupfapfaidza, sezvo pepa rinoramba riripo remvura rinogadzirwa nemanozzles, mhepo yakapoteredza inosimudzwa kumusoro kwebhoom. Iko kusimba kwekufamba kwemhepo kunogadzira kudonha kukuru mukumanikidza uye kusimudza pamusoro pe boom. Izvi zvine mhedzisiro yekupinza madonhwe madiki kuita spiral, zvekuti anoyamwiwa kumusoro zvichikonzera kugadzirwa kwemavortices kuseri kwebhoom uye pakupedzisira anoiswa panzvimbo iri pedyo. Iwo madonhwe akakura ane simba rakakwana uye nekusimba kuti aenderere mberi munzira, sekuburitswa kwazvinoitwa nemuromo.

Mufananidzo 1. Avhareji yemashizha anofukidza chirimwa chose 

Iyo deposition pateni iyo yakacherechedzwa zvakare inoratidza mhedzisiro yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwekushandisa. Nekuiswa kwepamusoro pamusoro uye kumusoro kwecanopy mhepo turbulence uye/kana droplet bounce inogona kukosha.

Basa rakapfuura rakaratidza kuti nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwemvura, kuvharika kwese kwakawedzerwa. Chiitiko cheanononoka blight fungicides uye zvigadzirwa zve deiccation zvinotsamira pakuwana kuvharika kwakakwana.

Tafura 1.0 - Avhareji yekuvharwa kwechirimwa

kamwene	Avhareji yezvinomera
04 Lechler IDTA	38.77%
05 3D Makumi mapfumbamwe	41.76%
025 Wilger	40.28%
04 Hypro Guardian Air Twin	19.43%

Tafura 2.0 tsananguro yemanozzles anoshandiswa mukuongorora

04 Lechler IDTA

IDTA ifurafura fan yekupfapfaidza jet ine asymmetrical spray angles uye kuyerera kwemazinga. Kupfapfaidza nzira ndeye 30 ° kumberi kunoenderana neperpendicular uye 50 ° kumashure iyo yakaratidza mhedzisiro yakanaka mumiyedzo yakawanda maererano nepamusoro pedhipoziti. Kona yekupfapfaidza yekumberi i120° ichipa 60% yevhoriyamu yekupfapfaidza, ine madonhwe akatsetseka zvishoma kumberi munzira yekutyaira yekunyorova zvakanyanya. 

Rearspray angle i 90° ichipa 40% yevhoriyamu yekupfapfaidza ine coarser, more drift-resistant droplet spectrum. Neiyi yakanyatso dzikama droplet spectrum kuvharika kwakanaka kunowanikwa. Pakati pe 2.1 - 4.0 Bar ma nozzles aya akarongwa se LERAP 3 nyeredzi nozzles yekudzikisa kudonha. Pakati pe 1.0 ne 2.0 Bar ma nozzles aya akarongwa se LERAP 4 nyeredzi nozzles yekudzikisa kudonha. Mhepo induction nozzles inopa kudhirika kushoma pane zvakajairwa asi kana boom urefu husina kudzorwa zvakanaka saka mukana wekudzikisa kudonha kwakabatana nemhepo induction nozzles hauonekwe.

3D makumi mapfumbamwe

Ultra-yakanyanya kukwenenzverwa kweiyo outlet orifice chimiro uye mamwe maficha eyepasi-drift spray tip dhizaini yakonzera iyo itsva Syngenta 3D makumi mapfumbamwe. Kunzvenga kukukurwa kunochengeta chigadzirwa chose chiri pachinangwa uye muchirimwa, pamwe nekuderedza mhedzisiro yemhepo inovhuvhuta iyo inogona kukanganisa maitiro ekupfapfaidza panguva yekuisa; Chinangwa cheiyo 3D dhizaini makumi mapfumbamwe ndeyekuwana yakatonyanya kugovera munzvimbo yese inotarirwa. 

Zvinoenderana neSyngenta inopa kuderedzwa kwe90% mukudonha kana ichienzaniswa neyakajairika flat fan nozzle. Iro zano idzva, iro rakakomberedzwa kuti ripinde muzvirimwa zvine mashizha akawanda, dhizaini yepamberi kwete yemhando yekupinza mhepo, inowanzoitika kune yakaderera dhift nozzles. Yakagadzirwa kuti ishandiswe ne pulse wide modulation (PWM) masisitimu. Iyo 3D makumi mapfumbamwe neshanu 05 inokurudzirwa kune blight uye pre-emergency herbicide sprays ichavepo mune zvekutengesa muchirimo 2022, nesarudzo yesaizi kubva pa03 kusvika 08 inotevera.

Mhepo yekuchinja

Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) igadziriro yekudzora saizi yedonhwe uye kubuda, uchichengeta patani yepfapfaidzo yemupfumbu. PWM yave ichishandiswa kwemakore muUSA asi ichiri kusimuka muUK. Yakanakira kushanda pane yakaderera uye nekupa yakakwira dhift control kune yakanyanya kudzvanywa ine madonhwe madiki anoshanda, ese ane muromo mumwe chete. Panzvimbo pekuchinja pakati pemanozzles akaparadzana, PWM inodzora kuyerera kuenda kumuromo mumwe chete nekushandisa solenoid kuibatidza kana kuidzima pagumi nguva/sec (inoratidzwa seHertz, saka 10Hz).

Kudzora chiyero chekuyerera nekugadzirisa basa kutenderera uye bhasikoro frequency yenozzle uchichengetedza inogara kumanikidza kunopa akasiyana mabhenefiti pamusoro pekudzora kuyerera nekugadzirisa kudzvanywa. Kana iwe ukadzima muromo mumwe chete, uine yakajairwa sisitimu unokanganisa application -- iwe unoda hushoma hwematatu ekuvhara kunoshanda -- nekuda kwekupindirana. PWM nozzle inogona kuita izvi pachayo. Kupuruzira kubuda kwemanozzles kunochengetedza kuyerera nekungosiyana kudiki-diki mukumanikidza.

 Iyo inobuda mumarita anodiwa / sec inochengetwa nehurefu hwenguva iyo muromo inoramba yakavhurika - kusiyanisa izvi, panzvimbo yekumanikidza, inochengetedza inobuda kuti ienderane nekumhanya. Panguva imwecheteyo, inochengetedza saizi yekudonha uye haina kukanganisa kona. PWM inogonesa muromo mumwe kuti upe huwandu hwakasiyana hwekuyerera kune akasiyana maapplication. Inoshanda neese akajairwa pfapfaidzo nozzles, kunze kwemhepo-induction, nekuti vanoshandisa venturi.  

 Vagadziri vanga vachishandawo pa 'turn compensation' vachishandisa PWM kudzora mhuno pazvikamu zvemukati nekunze zvemabhomu akafara. Izvi zvinochengetedza chiyero chakakodzera chekushandisa uye kuvharika nekubhadhara mutsauko wekumhanya kwekunze kwemupendero, uyo uchange uchifamba nekukurumidza kupfuura mabhomba padhuze nemotokari uchitendeuka.

Kupfapfaidza kwePWM kunosanganisira:

• Individual nozzle control.
• Batana uye shandura muripo.
• Kurumidza, chaiyo-nguva yekuyerera mwero inoshanduka uku ichikanganisa saizi yekudonha.

pfupiso

Kushanda mumamiriro ekunze akakodzera uye uchishandisa buffer zones, kudzikisira kwakawanda kwekupfapfaidza kudonha kunogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza neakakodzera nozzle sarudzo. Hydraulic nozzles anosiyana zvakanyanya maererano nesarudzo yekupfapfaidza pateni, kona uye saizi.

Kusarudzwa kweNozzle kunofanira kuitwa pane imwe nyaya nekesi; uchitora nhoroondo yega yega paramende yekushanda kuti ive nechokwadi chekuunza chigadzirwa uye kuita. Huwandu hwakaoma hwezvinhu zvinopesvedzera kubuda kwe sprayer, uye nekudaro kuendesa chigadzirwa, kunofanirwa kutariswa. Kuyerera (huwandu hwemvura), kudzvanywa kwekushanda, kureba kweboom, kuumbwa kwechigadzirwa uye kutarisisa zvinogona kukanganisa kunaka kwepfapfaidzo uye kushanda kwechigadzirwa. Pakupedzisira, zvisinei, mwero uri nani wekuvhara unowanikwa ne90% dhift rekutapudza nozzles ine coarser pfapfaidzo mhando isinganyanyike kudonha-kunangwa pfapfaidzo kukukurwa.

Nozzle dhizaini dhizaini inogona kupa akakosha mamwe mazuva ekupfapfaidza kuendesa kwakakosha kudzivirira blight nenguva. Mumamiriro ekunze ekunze kana padhuze nembesa dzine hunyanzvi, njodzi yekukukurwa inogona kudarika kushandiswa kwepakati nepakati kusvika kune yakatsetseka yekupfapfaidza mhando inoburitswa kubva kune yakajairwa feni mapfumo.

Iyo inooneka proxy inopihwa nemaruva emusango mitsetse uko mushandisi akashandisa Lechler IDTA nozzles mwaka wese yakadzora zvinokatyamadza kukukurwa kwezvose zviri zviviri mushonga wesora kana deiccation. Mitsara yemaruva emusango yakadyarwa muchikamu chepakati chekupfapfaidza, paine miromo yakavharwa yakaiswa pamusoro pemaruva.

Scottish Agronomy gratefully acknowledges the assistance of Jim Reid, Milton of Mathers farm, St Cyrus, near Montrose; McCain Potatoes, Pugeston, Montrose; Oliver Ainsworth (Syngenta) and Harry Fordham (Syngenta) in the conduct of this work.

/agrotechnology