Andy Robinson Mubatsiri Professor, Extension Potato Agronomist North Dakota State University uye University of Minnesota
Harlene Hatterman-Valenti Mubatanidzwa Purofesa, Yakakwira Kukosha Kwezvirimwa Kugadzira North Dakota State University
Mbatatisi inogona kuve yakaderedza goho uye mhando mumwaka wekukura painobatwa neglyphosate. Zvakare, mbeu mbatatisi inogona kuchengeta zvisaririra zveglyphosate kusvika gore rinotevera uye kana zvadyarwa vanogona kuve nezvinetso zvekubuda izvo pakupedzisira zvinogona kudzora goho.
Glyphosate mushonga unowanzoshandiswa kuuraya mushonga mukurima nekuda kwemutengo wakaderera wekudzora huswa nemashizha akapamhamha panguva yekukura kwesoybean inopesana neglyphosate, chibage, canola neshuga bhinzi uye sekurapa kwezvirimwa zvinoverengeka, kusanganisira zviyo zvidiki uye canola .
Kana marapirwo aya akaitika padyo nepatatiri (tangi) kana iro rimwe rekusimudza tangi rinoshandiswa kurapa mbatatisi, mukana weglyphosate unosangana nemiti yematatisi unowedzera. Gore rega rega, zviitiko zvakawanda zvekukuvara kweglyphosate mumatezi zvinotaurwa muNorth Dakota neMinnesota.
Chinangwa chebhuku rino ndechekutsanangura zviratidzo zvekukuvara kweglyphosate muzvirimwa zvembatatisi nembeu yakasimwa neglyphosate masara.
Mbatatisi Inoratidzwa kuGlyphosate
Mbatatisi inogona kuburitswa neglyphosate nenzira dzakasiyana siyana, kusanganisira kukukurwa kwezvimedu, kusvibiswa kwetangi, kushandiswa zvisirizvo, inversions uye kurapwa kwemavara muiri.
Nzira dzakajairika kwazvo mbatatisi dzinosangana ne glyphosate dzinogona kunge dziri kuburikidza nekutsvedza kwespray solution kana tangi kusvibiswa. Spray yekukwevera inogona kuderedzwa nenzira dzakasiyana siyana, kusanganisira kugadzirisa kune inotakura vhoriyamu, kamuromo kusarudzwa, kupuruzira kumanikidza, boom kukwirira uye kumhanya kwekufamba. Pamusoro pezvo, kupfapfaidza padyo nembatata kunofanira kuitika chete kana kumhanya kwemhepo kuri pakati pe3 kusvika 10 mamaira paawa uye mhepo ichivhuvhuta ichibva kunzvimbo dzakaomarara. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kusapfira miganhu padivi pematato.
Tsvina matangi anofanirwa kucheneswa neakakodzera machenesa matangi uye akagezwa zvakakwana asati ashandiswa mumbatatisi. Vagadziri vanogona kufunga kuve ne spray tank iyo yakatsaurirwa chete mbatatisi uye haimboshandisirwe kumwaya glyphosate. Kushandisa zvisirizvo kunogona kuitika kana firita ikamwayiwa neglyphosate isingadi, kana kuti zvingangoita, kana pfapfaidzo yakakwidziridzwa uye mhinduro yemushonga yaiswa kumitsara yekunze yembatatisi iri pedyo.
Kumwe kunetsekana kwevarimi vembatatisi kungave kudzora masora ne glyphosate pasati pabuda mbatatisi. Kana mabukira embatatisi ari kutsemura nepasi pevhu, anogona kusangana nemadonhwe emvura.
Inversions inokonzerwa nemhepo yakatetepa uye yakajairika kana kumhanya kwemhepo kuri pasi pe3 mamaira paawa uye chifukidziro chegore chiri pasi pe25 muzana. Mune aya mamiriro, iko kugona kwekukwira kuri kwakakwirira kubva pamaawa matatu kusvika mana mushure mekupisa kwakanyanya kwezuva kusvika maawa maviri kusvika matatu zuva rabuda. Spray zvidimbu zvinomiswa mumhepo panguva yekukanganisa, sekunge guruva, mhute kana utsi zvinogona kucherechedzwa mune aya mamiriro.
Mbatatisi zvakare inogona kusangana ne glyphosate kana mabara ekurapa akaitika mukati meakakomberedza kana kutenderedza iwo mahedheni ere. Kuziva kumisikidzwa kwesprayera uye mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza zvinogona kubatsira kudzikisira kufamba-saiti kwemishonga yesora muzvirimwa zvinonzwikwa, senge mbatatisi.
Glyphosate pane Kudyara Kukura
Kana glyphosate ikasangana nembatatisi panguva yekukura, inogona kukonzera kukuvara kumashizha nematubhu, uye kudzora goho uye kutengeswa kwemapatatisi.
Glyphosate inopinda mumuti wembatatisi kuburikidza nemashizha uye wozoenda kunzvimbo dzinokura kumusoro uye pasi pevhu. Munguva yekukura kwemwanasikana tuber, machubhu anoita se "singi," kana nzvimbo yekuunganidza zviwanikwa zvinogadzirwa nemashizha uye nezvimwe zvinowoneka (senge glyphosate) inoendeswa nemuti.
Kukuvara kweGlyphosate kunogona kuoneka seyero kana necrosis mumashizha madiki, uye zvirimwa zvinogona kudzikira mukukura (Mufananidzo 1).
Zviratidzo zveTuber zvinogona kusanganisira kutsemuka kweganda, malformed tubers uye kufa kwetishu zvichiteverwa nezvipembenene zvechipiri zvinopinda mumatubhu (Mufananidzo 2).
Sezvo maTubers akakuvara achifambira mberi kusvika padanho rekupaza, kutsemuka nekukanganisa kunowedzera. Izvi zvinoderedza kutengeswa kwe tubers. Kutsemura kwakadai kunogona kutadza nekukura kutsemuka, asi kuongorora masampuli akawanda uye kutumira machubhu kumarabhoritari kuti aongorore zvisaririra zvemushonga wemushonga zvinogona kubatsira mukugadzirisa chikonzero chekukuvara. Kana glyphosate ikashandiswa zvisizvo uye kuwanda kwakanyanya kunosangana nemiti yemazamu, mashizha uye kufa kwerufu kunogona kuitika (Mifananidzo 3 ne4). Kufa kwetubhu tishu kunowedzera mukana wezvipembenene zvechipiri zvinopinda mutuber.
Migumisiro yeGlyphosate Residues muMbeu Mbatatisi.
Mbeu dzemazamu embatata dzinosangana neglyphosate dzinozoratidza chiratidzo chakambotaurwa. Chii chakanyanya kunetsa kuona ndechekuti glyphosate painosangana nemapatatisi munguva yekupedzisira kubongomora kana kutanga senescence nhanho nekuti zvishoma, kana zviripo, chiratidzo chinoonekwa pamashizha kana tubers. Tubers inogona kuve nechitarisiko chakajairika asi iine glyphosate mumbeu iyo inogona kukonzera matambudziko akasiyana-siyana ekumera gore rinotevera.
Nzvimbo yepamusoro yeglyphosate masara mumbeu yemazamu inogona:
• Inodzivisa zvakakwana bukira kukura. "Kukonzera" Cauli ower "kuumba nhungirwa dzakakomberedza maziso embatatisi (Mufananidzo 5)
Makore akaenzana eglyphosate anogona kukonzera:
• Kumhanyisa uye kunonoka kubuda (Mufananidzo 6) • Hukuru hwakawedzera (Mufananidzo 7) • Nhungirwa dzakawanda dzinobva muziso rimwe (Mufananidzo 8) • "Candelabra" kuumbwa kwemashizha (Mufananidzo 9)
Yakaderera huwandu hweglyphosate mumbeu mbatata inogona kukonzera:
Chirimwa chisina simba chakakombama, kumonyoroka nekutsvukirira kwemashizha matsva (Mufananidzo 10, Peji 6) • Kuzvimba kwemashizha uye kudzikisa kana kuwedzera rooting (Mufananidzo 11, Peji 6)
Misiyano mumatanho ekutora midzi inogona kunge iri mhedzisiro yeglyphosate concentration, nharaunda kana chirimwa chembatatisi. Iko kunononoka kana kunonoka kubuda kuchaderedza kukura uye kukura kwezvirimwa, izvo zvinogona kudzikisira saizi yetuber, nhamba yetuber uye goho. Kukura kweichi chiitiko kunoenderana nemamiriro ekukura, huwandu hweglyphosate mumbeu yembatatisi uye nenguva iyo kubuda kwacho kunonoka.
Kamwe zvirimwa kubva pambatatari mbeu ine glyphosate masara anotanga zvakajairika kukura kwemashizha, zvinomera zvinoita kunge zvinokwanisa kudzora kana kugaya glyphosate. Nekudaro, zvisaririra zveglyphosate hazvizivikanwe ne carryover kuva muzukuru tubers.
Kubatanidza Glyphosate muPatato Zvirimwa
Kana glyphosate inofungidzirwa kuti yakabata chirimwa chembatatisi munguva yekukura, ongorora iyo yekukuvara kwakajairika yeglyphosate sezvakatsanangurwa kare. Nyora kukuvara nekuita rekodhi yezvese zvingangoitika ruzivo, kusanganisira zviratidzo zvekukuvara zvakaonekwa, kugadzira mepu yenzvimbo inoitika kukuvara uye kutora mifananidzo yepamusoro.
Kana zvisaririra zveglyphosate zvikafungidzirwa mumhodzi yembatatisi, nyatsoongorora mbesa dzinoverengeka mudura rechiratidzo chakambotsanangurwa. Chimwe chezvinhu zvekutanga zvauchacherekedza ndechekuti haucherechedze chero nzira yekukuvara mune iyo mbeu nekuti mbeu inobatwa neglyphosate inosanganiswa pakukohwa, mukuchengetedza uye pakudyara nembesa zvidimbu zvingangodaro zvisina kusvibiswa neglyphosate. Zvirimwa zvembatatisi zvinokanganiswa neglyphosate zvinoratidza huwandu hwakasiyana hwezviratidzo nekuti zvidimbu zvembeu zvinowanzove nematanho akasiyana eglyphosate mune yega tuber.
Document Nyatso cherekedza zviratidzo zvekukuvara uye tora mifananidzo yepamusoro (kuva nechokwadi chekugeza ivhu kubva pazvirimwa nemidzi). Fungidzira huwandu hwehutori hwakakanganiswa nekuverenga huwandu hwezvirimwa zvakakanganiswa neglyphosate mumutsara wemamita 25 munzvimbo dzinosvika nhatu dzevakuru.
Leaves Mashizha nema tubers ane maheu anogona kuendeswa kumarabhoritari akasimbiswa kuti asimbise masara eglyphosate. Kuti uwedzere mukana wekutsvaga herbicide, sarudza machubhu kana mashizha ane kukuvara kukuru nguva pfupi mushure mekukuvara kwemushonga. Ramba uchifunga kuti ongororo yeirabhoritari inogona kutora mavhiki akati kuti apedzise uye chiratidzo chechiratidzo chinogona kudzikira nenguva inogamuchirwa.
■ Onai “North Dakota Weed Control Guide” (www.ndsu.edu/weeds) kuti muve neruzivo pamusoro pemarabhoritari anoongorora masarbicide. Kuti uwane mhinduro dzakanakisa, shandisa murabhoritari inokwanisa kuona zvakasara zveglyphosate kusvika pamazana 0.01 mamirioni (ppm).
■ Kurumidza kubvunza mapato ese nemakambani einishuwarenzi anobatanidzwa kuti shanyo dziitwe kune vanoona kuti vape ruzivo. Wongorora mamiriro emitemo yenyika yako yekutsvaga kodzero yekutsvaga kudzoreredzwa. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo, ona "Gwaro reZvinofungidzirwa Herbicide Drift Damage," NDSU Extension bhuku W253.
Mifananidzo yese naAndy Robinson
Kwayaka: www.ag.ndsu.edu