India: Mutengo wembatatisi ₹308,051 pahekita muHimachal's Kangra, Mbeu neVashandi zvinotora 56%
Key tora kutora
- 308,051 rupees per hectare was the total cost in 2022-23
- 29% of the total cost went to seed, 27% to human labour
- 159,654 rupees per hectare was the net return in Kangra
- 200 potato growers were surveyed in Kangra district
Nei zvichikosha
- Kune varimi
- Check your own seed and labour share against the Kangra benchmark of 56%; plan seed sourcing early, as seed is the largest cost item.
- Kune vatengesi
- Plan certified seed offers for hill states: seed takes 29% of potato production costs in Kangra, the largest single item.
Pfupiso yemasekonzi makumi matanhatu
The cost of a hectare of potatoes in the hills of northern India is dominated by two items. A survey of 200 growers in Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, for the 2022-23 season put the full cost at 308,051 rupees, with seed at 29 percent and labour at 27 percent. Gross income reached 467,705 rupees and net return 159,654 rupees per hectare, on measured yields of about 25 tonnes per hectare. Bigger farms had lower unit costs and received a little more per quintal, so their margin was 685 rupees against 590 rupees for small farms. For hill growers, the message is that cheaper certified seed would move margins more than any other input. The data are three seasons old and come from two journal papers that we could only read through a summary by the IndianPotato portal, so the exact rupee values should be treated as a guide rather than a current benchmark for 2026.
Growing one hectare of potatoes in Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh cost ₹308,051 in 2022–23. Seed and hired or family labour made up 56% of this cost. The figures come from a survey of 200 potato growers. Two papers in the Potato Journal of the Indian Potato Association published the results in 2024. The Indian portal IndianPotato summarised the data on 14 September 2026.
Mari inoenda kupi
Seed was the largest item, at ₹89,335 per hectare, or 29% of the total. Human labour cost ₹83,174, or 27%. Manure, fertiliser, plant protection, machinery and irrigation together cost ₹101,657, or 33%. Variable costs reached ₹274,165 per hectare. Fixed costs added ₹33,886.
Gross income was ₹467,705 per hectare. The net return was ₹159,654 per hectare. Output was about 1.52 times the total cost.
Mazuva evhiki. Bvisa kunyoresa nekudzvanya kamwe chete.
Mapurazi madiki nemahombe
The average surveyed farm had 1.76 hectares, and 74% of the land was irrigated. Measured yields were 246–254 quintals per hectare, or about 25 tonnes. Large farms produced more cheaply. Their cost was ₹1,195 per quintal, compared with ₹1,270 on small farms. Large farms also received slightly higher prices: ₹1,880 per quintal against ₹1,860. The margin was ₹685 per quintal on large farms and ₹590 on small farms.
A long-term cost squeeze
A separate analysis by the portal looked at Himachal Pradesh over two decades. It found that production costs grew faster than returns. The portal did not name the data source for that analysis, so its numbers are not repeated here.
Nei zvichikosha
Hill states such as Himachal Pradesh grow potatoes in a different season from the plains of Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and West Bengal. Their costs are high because seed and labour are expensive in the hills. The survey shows that seed alone takes almost a third of the budget.
For growers, cheaper quality seed would have the biggest effect on margins. Better seed systems, such as local multiplication of certified seed, could cut the largest cost item. The data are from 2022–23, so current costs are likely higher. Growers should use the structure of costs, not the exact rupee figures, when they plan the next season.
Photo: Farmland in Mandi district, Himachal Pradesh, India (not Kangra) (illustrative). Timothy Gonsalves / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
Pfupiso yePatata Yepasi Pose
Nyaya shanu dzepamusoro, mitengo, zviziviso zvezvirwere nezviitiko. Mangwanani epakati pevhiki, hapana kushambadza.
Sources
- Potato Journal 51(1): 97–108 (2024) — Raina A., Sharma P., Gupta G., Kumari S. «An economics of potato production in Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh» (Indian Potato Association)
- Potato Journal 51(1): 28–40 (2024) — Raina A., Sharma P., Gupta G., Balouria A. «A comprehensive study on socio-economic analysis of potato growers in Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh»
- IndianPotato — Potato cultivation cost per hectare, 14.09.2026 — https://indianpotato.com/potato-cultivation-cost-per-hectare/
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