Miedzo yakarongerwa 2022 munzvimbo nhatu sechikamu cheRusununguko rweChirimwa Initiative rubatsiro.
Kune varimi vembatatisi kuyambuka US, hutachiwana hwembatatisi Y (PVY) idambudziko rakakomba rinokonzeresa mafoliar uye necrotic tuber zviratidzo zvinoderedza saizi uye goho rakazara mumhando dzakasiyana siyana dzembatatisi. Yunivhesiti yeIdaho yekufungidzira inofungidzira kurasikirwa kubva kuPVY inodhura indasitiri yembatatisi munzvimbo iyoyo yega $ 34 miriyoni pagore. Chidzidzo chimwe chete ichi chinofungidzira kudzikiswa kwe10-50% mune zvingangoita goho.
Pane mashoma sarudzo iripo yekudzora PVY, kunze kwekukura nekuchengetedza mbeu isina chirwere. Nepo matambudziko achichinja uye maveketa achiramba aripo, USDA Yekutsvagisa Plant Pathologist Jonathan Whitworth uye Yunivhesiti yeMinnesota Muzvinafundo uye Extension Entomologist Ian MacRae vanoshanda kuunganidza dhata iyo inobatsira varimi vembatata kuita sarudzo dzakanangana nemabatiro.
Tsvagiridzo yePVY yazvino yakaparadzirwa muzvirongwa zvekuratidzira
Mumakore achangopfuura, kuteedzera mhedzisiro kumatunhu ekumadokero eUS kunoratidza kuti PVYO, iro raimbove dambudziko rakakura, rakabviswa misha nePVYNWi. Kumabvazuva kweCanada, iro dambudziko rakanyanya rakadzingwa nePVYNTN. Zvichienderana nezvakakura zvakasiyana, kushushikana kwePVY, uye nharaunda, zviratidzo zvemashizha zvinosiyana musimba. Whitworth, achishanda akabatana naStewart Grey iye zvino ave pamudyandigere, akaongorora kukanganiswa kwemarudzi akasiyana siyana pane 62% yemhando dzembatatisi dzakasimwa muUS.
Basa raWhitworth rinobatsira kuunza majini asingagone kupinda mumhando nyowani, uye zvinosanganisira kutsvaga nzira dzekuramba uchichengeta zvinhu zvisina mavhairasi uye zvimwe zvirwere. Izvo zvakare zvinosanganisira kutora yepamberi yekuberekera mitsara uye kuongorora maitiro avanopindura kuPVY. Kuramba kwevagari kunopa mhinduro kuvarimi, ichivabatsira kudzikisa mashandisiro avo emishonga yekuuraya zvipuka nemafuta ekurima, akadaro Whitworth.
Vachishandisa akawanda akazviparadzanisa kubva kumatanho mashanu ePVY, vatsvagiridzi vakatapudza uye vakaongorora mhando dzinomiririra 62% yembeu acreage yakatumirwa chitupa muna 2019. Makirasi mashanu emisika akamiririrwa uye huwandu hwese hwemhando dzembatatisi 67 dzakashandiswa. Kubva pane ongororo yekuona foliar ratings, vaongorori vakawana zviratidzo zvakakomba zvakanyanya zvakabatana nePVYO kushungurudzika. Zviratidzo zvinyoronyoro zvakabatana nePVYAIHWA.
Kunyange zviratidzo zvinyoro zvePVY zvakanaka mukugadzirwa kwekushambadzira, mukugadzirwa kwembeu zvinyoro zviratidzo zvinobvumidza dura rehutachiona kuvaka mumbeu yembeu. Muindasitiri yembeu, tsika yakajairika yekudzora hutachiona ndeyekubvisa zvirimwa uye kubvisa mbeu yakawanda zvichibva nezviratidzo zvinoonekwa. Mumakore achangopfuura, zvitupa masangano akavakira hutachiona muzana paEELISA kuyedza masampula emashizha pane kuongorora kunoonekwa. Izvi zvakabatsira kuvandudza mamiriro ese ezvinhu.
Mhando dzakasiyana, dzinosanganisira Eva, Ciklamen naPayette Russet, dzakaratidza kuramba kwakanyanya kuPVY nekuda kwekuvapo kweinodzivirira geni. Whitworth neboka rake havana kuona hutachiona mune chero zvirimwa zvakatemerwa hutachiona hwega hutachiona.
Mhando dzakadai saRusset Norkotah naSilverton Russet, vane zviratidzo zvinyoro kana zvenguva pfupi zvePVY uye zvakabatsira kuwedzera mwero wePVY muzvirimwa zvembeu.
Whitworth akati kudzidza nekunyora zviratidzo zvemhando dzakasiyana pamhando dzakasiyana zvinopa ruzivo rwakakosha rwekutora sarudzo kuvarimi. Kuziva zviratidzo mumarudzi akasiyana siyana kunovabatsira kuona kuti ndeipi nzira yekutora. Kuziva danho rekutora kunogona kunyanya kunetsa sezvo nyowani nyowani dzichikura nekuchinja.
Muna 2016, varimi muWashington vakakokwa kuti vaone PVY zviratidzo zvekuratidzira zvinoratidza makumi mana nemaviri akasiyana. Muna 42, makumi maviri emhando dzakaratidzirwa muzvikamu muWashington, Wisconsin neMaine. Gore iro, kwaive nemhando shanu dzakajairika dzaishandiswa pazvikamu zvese zvekuratidzira. Masara gumi nemashanu aive akananga kudunhu iri.
"Mumiyedzo iyi zvatakaita isu tanga tine mitsara mina yesarudzo imwe neimwe," akadaro Whitworth. “Mutsara mumwe waive wakagwinya, mumwe mutsetse wakabatwa nePVYO, imwe ine PVYAIHWA, uye imwe ine PVYNTN. Yakapa varimi mukana wekuti vauye kuzotarisa kuti vaone kuti zvirimwa zvakamira sei chaizvo kana vatapukirwa nemhando dzakasiyana dzePVY wozvifananidza nemuti wakanaka. ”
Miedzo yakafanana yakarongerwa 2022 munzvimbo nhatu sechikamu cheSpecialty Crop Research Initiative kupihwa. Kuita izvi kunopa mukana wakanaka kune vaongorori kuendesa kutsva kwePVY kutsvagurudza. Inoitenderawo kuti varatidze varimi zvakananga kuti vanogona sei kudzora uye kudzora PVY munzvimbo yavo.
Kuongorora vector ndege inopa yekutanga yambiro system
Mumakore gumi apfuura, Ian MacRae nevamwe vake kuYunivhesiti yeMinnesota vanga vachiongorora vector kutiza. Zvichienderana negore, vane chero pakati pemakumi manomwe nemakumi maviri nemisungo yakamisikidzwa pakati peMinnesota kusvika kuNorth Dakota, inovhara mamaira mazana mana.
"Inobata zvizhinji zvekugadzirwa kwembeu kuri kuitika pakati peNorth Dakota neMinnesota," akadaro MacRae.
Iyo purojekiti mhedzisiro yekuda kwekurima; varimi vanobatsirana vanobata misungo inopihwa neyeyunivhesiti tsamba mumasampuli vhiki nevhiki. Samples akarongedzwa uye anoonekwa mune MacRae's lab.
MacRae nebasa rake vakaunganidza dhata remakore gumi, vachitarisa mwaka wekufamba nendege, uye semhedzisiro, vane zano rakanaka pavanotanga kuona vector kumanikidzwa.
"Matunhu ese ega ega, masimba avo akasiyana zvishoma, saka izvi zvinovapa chishandiso chekuedza kutanga kufunga nezvekuti vachaita sei manejimendi ePVY," akadaro MacRae.
RELATED: Kudzidza kunoratidza maitiro akasiyana ePVY anokanganisa mhando dzakasiyana
Haasi ese aphid akasikwa akaenzana. Uye nepo huwandu hwezvisikwa hungave uripo mumusungo, iwo haasi ese anoshanda sevheji yePVY. Myzus persicae, kana green peach aphid, ndiyo inoshanda zvakanyanya. Soybean aphid ingori chegumi chete chinoshanda seye green peach aphid. Ongororo yenjodzi ikozvino inogona kuitwa zvichibva pamarudzi aripo pamwe nenhamba.