Kubata nekutanga kufa kwakaoma - kudongorera kubva kuPotato School

Kana vagadziri vembatatisi vaigona kubvuta zvigunwe zvavo kugadzirisa dambudziko rekugadzira rinodhura uye rinoshungurudza ravakatarisana naro, zvinenge zvese zvaizobvisa kukurumidza kufa. Inofungidzirwa zvakanyanya sechirwere chakakosha-chinodzora goho mukugadzira mbatatisi, kufa kwekutanga kunogona kuita zvikamu zvishanu kusvika makumi matatu kubva muzana zvegoho. Hungu, kufa kwokukurumidza kwakaoma kutarisira. Nekudaro, kana iwe uchiwedzera kuziva, zviri nani iwe unozokwanisa kuzvibata.

Chikamu chedambudziko rekufa kwekutanga kuoma kwayo. Zvinokonzerwa nechikwata chevapambi: the Verticillium dahliae uye Verticillium ablo-atrum utachiona, hongu (saka nei kufa kwekutanga kunonzi zvakare verticillium wilt), asiwo fusarium, lesion nematodes, dema dot uye zvimwe hutachiona, kushomeka kwekudya, uye kushushikana. Pamwe chete, ivo vanonyatso plug iyo vascular system, kumisa kufamba kwemvura muchirimwa chose, kusvikira chirimwa changooma.

Kana mbeu yakakurumidza kufa ichiiswa mumunda nembeu ine utachiona, inokura inongoda zvirimwa zvitatu kana zvina zvakatevedzana kuti zviwedzere kusvika padanho rakaomarara uye inogona kugara muvhu kwemakore gumi kusvika gumi nemashanu, izvo zvinoita kuti kurima kuome zvikuru. Kutenderera kwechirimwa hakushande, kana bio-control haishande. Vatsvakurudzi havana kubudirira kuedza kubereka mhando dzemhando dzinogamuchirwa mune zvekurima. Kurapa kwembeu nevhu hakushandi.

Parizvino, iyo chete inoshanda manejimendi sarudzo ndeye ivhu fumigation. Nekudaro, pane kusundira kuchikamu metam sodium kunze kwekugadzirwa. Ndinotarisira kuwedzera kupikisa kushandiswa kwemetam sodium sezvatinoenda mberi.

Chloropicrin, inotengeswa seStrike, inoita seyakanakisa-uye-inouya sarudzo yekugadzirisa. Verticillium. Nepo vamwe vachinetsekana nemhedzisiro yeChloropicrin isingaenderane, dambudziko kazhinji harina kukwana mwero unomisa huwandu hwevhu rakabatwa. Kana ivhu diki rakatenderedza banga rikabatwa zvakanaka, mbatatisi inokura kubva munzvimbo yekudzivirira nekukasira, zvichidzikamisa kudzvanyirirwa kwemwaka.

Chloropicrin inoshanda zvakanyanya kurwisa mamwe hutachiona hwezvirwere uye nematodes, uye inoshingairira kusimudzira hutachiona hwevhu. Kubudirira uye irwo rudzi rwekusimudzira kuhwina kwechokwadi: kuhwina, kunyanya kupihwa kukosha kwakakosha rezinesi rekushanda.

Tine tarisiro zvakare yekuti zvirimwa zvemupfudze, izvo zvinongogadzira isothiocyanate (iyo yakafanana cyanide mukomboni mumetam sodium) inogona kushanda mune ramangwana. Kana ikashanda, inononoka kugadzirisa - hapana akakwanisa kushandisa sisitimu kwenguva yakakwana kuratidza kushanda kwayo.

Vagadziri vachave nezvakawanda zvekushandisa mubhokisi rematurusi makore gumi kubva zvino? Ndinovimba ndichavepo kuti ndizive. Pfungwa dzakangwara dziri kushanda pakufa kwekutanga kubva kumakona ese - kushandura mazuva ekudyara nekukohwa, kuyedza biologicals, tichifunga nezvemisanganiswa yakasiyana - uye hapana chitsva chakaratidza kushanda. Zvisinei, hauzombozivi kuti kubudirira kungaonekwa rinhi.

• Causal agents uye kutapurirana

Mafungi maviri, of the genus Verticillium (Verticillium dahliae uye V. alboatrum), vane mhosva Verticillium kuda mu mbatatisi. Iyo yekutanga inoculum inowanzobva muvhu, apo fungus inogona kurarama kwemakore akati wandei muchimiro chemicrosclerotia pazvisaririra zvezvirimwa kana sora. Inogona zvakare kutakurwa nembeu yembatatisi machubhu. Utachiona hunogona kutanga kuburikidza nenhungirwa, midzi yemidzi kana maronda. Nekufamba kwenguva, fungus inopinda muvascular system uye yobva yapararira zvakarongeka zvichitungamira kuwilt.

• Kukosha 

Verticillium wilt can be the cause of significant yield losses under high disease pressure on susceptible cultivars. Intensification of potato production with very short or no rotation may lead to high incidence of soil-borne diseases and occasionally be expanded by co-infection with root lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus penetrans) kana nembatatisi cyst nematodes, chibharumu spp.

Muzvinafundo weNorth Dakota State University, Gary Secor, anonyanya kuzivikanwa se "guru rechirwere chembatatisi", achange achitaura nezvekutanga kufa paTriCal Group's jam-packed, inogadzira 'Potato School'.

/agronomy