Water is located for irrigation - an underground aquifer or a dammed river

Kudiridza kunopa imwe nzira yekubata nayo nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze

Ichi chinyorwa chinowanikwa mu Kurume 2022 chinyorwa che Murimi we Potato.

Chidzidzo chitsva chinoongorora makore anopfuura 100 ekugadzirwa kwekurima uye data yemamiriro ekunze muUnited States inoratidza kuti mvura yakachengetwa inoita basa rakakosha pakupa kusimba mukusanaya kwemvura. Zvakawanikwa zvinopawo mazano ekuchengetedza mvura, ayo akasiyana munyika yose, ane basa guru pakuti nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzenyika dzinoita sei nekusamira zvakanaka kwemamiriro ekunze.

"Taida kunzwisisa kuti kurima kunopindura sei kuvhunduka kwemamiriro ekunze," anodaro Eric Edwards, mubatsiri purofesa muDhipatimendi rekurima uye Resource Economics kuNorth Carolina State University uye munyori-mubatanidzwa we. bepa rinotsanangura chidzidzo. "Nzira iyo kurima yakajairana nekuvhundutsa kwemamiriro ekunze kazhinji ndeyekudiridza, asi kuwana mvura yakachengetwa kunosvika papi?"

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Kuwanikwa kwemvura yakachengetwa kunofambisa kudiridza, ingave mvura iyoyo iri munzvimbo yepasi pevhu kana rwizi rwakapwanywa. Pamusoro pedhamu nedhamu, kudiridza pamusoro pemvura kunoda network yemigero nemigero. Sezvineiwo, varimi vari pamusoro peaquifer vanogona kungopomba mvura yepasi zvakananga.

Kudiridzira kunoita kuti kurima kukwanise kuitika munzvimbo zhinji dzakaoma zvikuru dzemitemo yekodzero dzeMvura yekumadokero yeUS inotaridza marongero ekuti varimi vanowana sei mvura uye kuti vanoiwana riini. Kumabvazuva kweUS, kunaya kwakawanda uye hunyoro zvakagara zvaita kuti varimi vafunge nezvekudiridza sekusina kunaka, uye kodzero dzemvura hadzina kunyorwa. Asi zvinoita sezviri kuchinja sezvo mamiriro ekunze ari kuchinja.

Ongororo iyi yakaratidza kuti kubva kuma1950, kuwanikwa kwemvura yakachengetwa munzvimbo dzakaoma zvikuru dzekumadokero kweUS kwakabatsira varimi kuti vadzivise kurasikirwa nechikamu che13% mugoho munguva yekusanaya kwemvura. Ma1950 anomira senguva yemvura yekuwedzera kwemvura kuMadokero, mushure mekuvandudzwa kweDamu reHoover muna 1936, nekuchera aquifer nekuiswa kwemagetsi kumaruwa muma1940s, Edwards anodaro.

“Ongororo yedu yakaratidza kuti kumabvazuva kweUS kubva 1950, goho rechibage nesoya bhinzi rakadzikira munguva yekusanaya kwemvura kunyangwe varimi vaiwana mvura kana kuti kwete,” anodaro Edwards. "Zvichakadaro, munzvimbo dzakaoma kumadokero kweUS, kana uchinge uchikwanisa kuchengetedza mvura panguva yekusanaya kwemvura, hauoni kurasikirwa." Izvi zvinogona kunge zvichikonzerwa nekuti varimi vekumabvazuva kweUS havasati vadyara mari muzvirongwa zvekudiridza kuti vawane mvura yakachengetwa.

“Munguva yekusanaya kwemvura, varimi vanozvibvunza mibvunzo miviri inokosha: Ndinounza imwe nzvimbo mukurima here? Uye ndowedzera mvura yandinoisa panyika yangu here kuti ndiwedzere goho maererano nezvandingadai ndisina kuita?” Edwards anoenderera mberi. "Mamiriro emuviri uye mabatirwo anoitwa mvura zvese zvine chekuita nesarudzo dzinoitwa nevarimi."

Ongororo iyi yakaratidza kuti varimi vane mvura yepasi nemvura yepasi vanowanzounza ivhu rakawanda mukurima. Varimi vane mvura yepasi pasi asi isiri mvura yepasi zvakare vanowanzounza imwe ivhu mukurima.

"Kodzero dzemvura yepamusoro dzakabatana nenyika yekumavirira kweUS, uye varimi vanowanzotora huwandu hwemvura gore rega rega zvichienderana nekodzero dzavo dzemvura," anodaro Edwards. "Saka hapana kuwedzera kwenzvimbo inodiridzwa nemvura yepamusoro panguva yekusanaya kwemvura."

VaEdward vanoti bepa iri rine zvarinoreva pagwara remvura.

"Kupomba mvura yakawanda yepasi kana kutora mvura yakawanda pamusoro pemvura munguva yekusanaya kwemvura kunobatsira chaizvo kurwisa kusanaya kwemvura, asi zvinogona kunetsa kana uchida kuchengetedza yakawanda," anodaro. “Kudiridzira inzira inobudirira yekuderedza mvura munguva yekusanaya kwemvura. Inogadzirisa kugadzirwa munzvimbo dzese dzekusanaya kwemvura. Asi nekuti zvidzoreso zvekuchera mvura yepasi zvine mashoma, tinonetsekana kuti kupera kunogona kuderedza kugona kweiyi yakakosha buffer kubata nekuvhunduka kwemamiriro ekunze. "

Pamusoro pemvura yepamusoro, Edwards anoona chirevo chakasiyana.

"Pane nzira here yekuita kuti mvura yepasi iwedzere kuchinjika kuitira kusanaya kwemvura, kunyanya munzvimbo dzinoshandiswa mvura dzakasungirirwa kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzevhu?" anoti. "Pane nzira yekutanga kufunga nezvekuisa imwe mvura parutivi kana kuchengeta imwe pane kushandisa 100% gore rega rega?"

Edwards anowedzera kuti kune zvakare zvinokonzeresa zvematongerwo enyika kumusha kwake kuNorth Carolina nedzimwe nzvimbo dziri kumabvazuva kweUS

"North Carolina inofungidzirwa kuti ichange iine 10 kusvika 15% kwenguva yakareba yekuoma mumakore anotevera nekuda kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze," anodaro. “Kudiridzira kunopa imwe nzira yekupedza nayo izvozvo. Asi kuti tipe hutongi hwezviwanikwa zvinoparara, nyika inofanirwa kufunga nezvekuvandudza kodzero dzemvura uye hurongwa hwekutonga kwemvura yepasi.

Bepa rinowanikwa mukati Tsvakurudzo yeZvirongwa Tsamba. Steven M. Smith paColorado School of Mines ndiye munyori anofambirana nebepa. Tsigiro yebasa iri yakapihwa neNational Science Foundation uye USDA.