Kudyara maruva emusango muzvirimwa zvembatatisi kunogona kudzora hutachiona hunotakurwa neaphid uye kupa imwe nzira yekudzora mukana wekuwana mishonga yekuuraya zvipuka zvevarimi. MuScotland, kuyedzwa kuri kuitiswa kuti uwane kugona kwekukura kwemaruva mitsetse mumatram uye misoro yemusoro kusimudzira zvisikwa zvipuka kuti zvideredze tupukanana sechikamu cheYakabatanidzwa Pest Management (IPM) zano.
Eric Anderson, mukuru agronomist uye mbatatisi nyanzvi kuScotland Agronomy, arikutungamira miedzo neScotland Agronomy nhengo yembatatisi Jim Reid paMilton yeMathers Farm. Jim ndiye aripo iye zvino AHDB Strategic Potato (SPoT) muridzi wepurazi uye, ane AHDB, Eric, naColin Herron naColin Ross vanobva kuMcCain Potato, vari kutarisa matanho akasimba akasiyana sechikamu chemakore mana eSpoT purojekiti yepurazi.
Jim, anorima mahekita makumi masere embeu mbatatisi, akati:
“Kutengesa mbatatisi yembeu yeScotland kunoenderana nemukurumbira wakanaka wehutano hwehutachiona, pamwe nedzvinyiriro yekudzikisira mukana wekuwana mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene, kungave kuburikidza nemutemo kana kuramba kwakanyanya muanyowani. Izvo zvakakosha kupfuura nakare kose kuti tione mashandisiro atingaite biology uye yakanangwa kemesitiri kuchengetedza chirwere padiki. Iko kushomeka kwenzira yakazara kune IPM inosanganisa zvese zvechinyakare uye zvemazuva ano maturusi. Kuburikidza nemiedzo iyi tiri kutsvaga mabhaisikopo, ecology uye shanduko uye kuti tingafungisisa sei aphid uye potyvirus control pamusika.
Hutachiona hunowanikwa mu2019 mbeu mbatatisi zvirimwa zvakarova kusvika pamakore makumi maviri kukwira uye kuongororwa kwemwaka uno kunopa fungidziro yakafanana kune 20. Anonyanya kukonzera Potyvirus, PVY, kunyanya iyo PVYN kushungurudzika, asi PLRV yakawedzerawo kunyangwe kubva pasi yakadzika kwazvo. PVYn iri kukonzera kunetsekana kukuru, sekureva kwaEric, uye pyrethroid zvipembenene zviri kuongororwa nevatariri. Uyezve, zvingangoita kuti kuenderera kwakawanda kushandiswa kwe pyrethroids kunoisa panjodzi pakusarudza pyrethroid kuramba kana kushanduka kwekunzwa pamitengo yemumunda mune isiri-koloni hove. Kune zvakare kumanikidza kuri kuwedzera kubva kune vatengesi kwehutariri hwezvakatipoteredza iyo inosimudzira zvipenyu zvakasiyana uye inoderedza kushandiswa kwemakemikari.
Akafuridzirwa nekutsvagisa kuRothamsted mukubatanidza maruva emusango kuita karoti minda uye nebasa raMatthias Tschumi muSwitzerland pamubatsiro unowirirana wembatatisi, Eric akaona mhando dzakadai sechibage, zvakajairika vetchch uye yarrow seyakanyanya kushanda mukukwezva vavengi venyama yemhashu. Iyi ndiyo zvirimwa zvinokura zvishoma izvo zvinoyera hurefu hwakaenzana nezvirimwa zvembatatisi.
KuMilton yeMathers, 3m-wide strips yemusanganiswa uyu akacherwa pakati peye tramline, achigadzira maruva chikafu zviwanikwa uye nzvimbo yekutizira inokwezva hoverflies, lacewings uye ladybirds. Eric anowedzera kuti:
“Izvi zvichagadzira makoridho padyo nechirimwa, zvichiwedzera zvipenyu zvakasiyana kubva pachirimwa chemhando imwe chete nekuvimba kwayo kwakanyanya kwemakemikari uye zvinokonzeresa zvakanyanya sezvo zvikara zviri pedyo netupukanana. Tichiri kunatsa, kuongorora kana mhando dzakadyarwa nekudyarwa misi zvine chekuita nekukosha kwemitanda uye kana ichitsigira mhando dzevavengi vepanyama dzinodiwa kudzora tupukanana tembatatisi nekudzipa kune goho pazvinenge zvichidikanwa.
“Yakagara ichizivikanwa kuti hove dzinokwezva mushe nechiedza chinoratidzwa kubva muvhu mune mibhedha isina chinhu uye zvinomera zvinowirirana. Kudyara misanganiswa yemaruva emusango kana imwe nzira yekuwaridza huswa mune iyi mibhedha isina chinhu inzira dzekudzikisira kuchizvarwa chekutanga - FG2 uye FG3 - varimi vembeu, ine huwandu hwakakura kwazvo hwekuparadzanisa nzvimbo pakati pemasheya akawanda. ”
Kubudirira kwemapundu mukusimudzira kudzora zvipembenene zvakanyanya kunoenderana nemagadzirirwo avo emabhotani. Kazhinji zvisiri-zvezvirimwa zvakagadzirirwa shiri kana pollinator kuchengetedza hazviiti panguva imwe chete kuita zviwanikwa kuti zviwanikwe zvekudzivirira emagetsi. Tsvagurudzo yaTschumi yakaratidza kuti pavavengi vatatu vepanyama, hoverflies dzakawedzera zvakanyanya muzvipenga zvichienzaniswa nembatatisi dzakakomberedza, nepo huwandu hwevanhu vakachekwa uye nemadzvinyu zvakare akasimuka zvakanyanya. Eric anoyambira kuti pane nguva yakasara kudzamara vavengi venyama vaine nguva yekuvaka nhamba, saka nzira yeIPM inoshandisa zvese zvakasikwa nemakemikari akadai semafuta emamineral anokosha.
Sechikamu cheASPB's SPoT purazi, kumwe kutsvagurudza kuMilton weMathers kunosanganisira kutarisa kuburitsa desiccation uchishandisa zvese zvemakemikari uye zvemagetsi kudzora musanganiswa pamwe nekuchengetedzwa kwePCN manejimendi. Iine mhando yepakati yevhu, zvirimwa zvembatatisi zvinorimwa pamubatanidzwa wenyika ine muridzi uye yekurenda yakanangana nekutenderera kwemakore manomwe kusvika masere. Vamwe vanobatsirana mukuyedzwa kwemaruva emusango vanosanganisira Alan Johnson kuKings (Frontier) uyo akapa mbeu kuMilton yeMathers, pamwe nechirongwa chakafanana chinotungamirirwa neKingdom Farming, padhuze neGlenrothes, Fife, naDavid Parish kubva kuGame uye Wildlife Conservation Trust ( GWCT).