Kunyangwe yaisave budiriro nekukasira, iyo 'Russet Burbank' chirimwa ikozvino inosvika 40% yeUS mbatatari acreage. Inobva pambeu yakaunganidzwa kubva kune 'Yekutanga Rose' mbatata chirimwa chakasimwa naLuther Burbank muna 1872. Makumi makumi emakore gare gare, iyo yakasikwa geni mutant (chimera) yeiyo yekutanga Burbank ine russet ganda yakava iyo Russet Burbank yatinoziva nhasi.
'Russet Burbank' mbatatari-yechinangwa-yakakodzera - kune ese ari maviri matsva uye ekugadzirisa misika - uye inogamuchirwa nevazhinji nevatengi. Unogona kuichengeta kwemwedzi yakawanda usati washandisa, iyo inobvumidza kugoverwa kwegore-rese uye kugadzirisa. Ichi chingave chiri chakasimba chakasimba che 'Russet Burbank' uye ndiyo imwe iyo mashoma mamwe emhando dzerusset-mhando dzakakwanisa kuenzanisa.
Iine Humwe Hunhu Hwakaipa, Asi Isu Tinoziva Zvatinotarisira
'Russet Burbank' inowanzoitika kune hutera hurema kana ichinge yakura pasi pekunetseka mamiriro. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuremara kwemukati senzvimbo ine shava uye moyo wakakombama, nekuremara kwekunze senge mapfundo nemipendero yakatwasuka. Iyo zvakare inotapurwa nezvirwere zvakasiyana zvembatatisi, senge Verticillium wilt uye tuber rot zvirwere.
Varimi uye mapurosesa vanonzwisisa kushaya simba uku uye vane mazano ekugadzirisa mazhinji acho. Mitsva mitsva yemapatatari haiuye nebhuku rekutungamira. Tinodzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pemarimi matsva muchikamu chavo chekusimudzira, asi matambudziko asingatarisirwi anowanzomuka kana adyarwa nekutengesa pamaacreage akakura uye munzvimbo nyowani. Kuti ubudirire, chirimwa chitsva chinoda kuve nehunhu hwakasarudzika kuitira kuti varimi vagamuchire mukana wekutarisana nezvimwe zvisingazivikanwe.
Iri Rakawanda rebasa Kugadzira Nyowani Potato Kurima
Yakarimwa mbatatisi ndeye tetraploids ine mana seti echromosome yega yega uye ine akasiyana akasiyana magene. Izvi zvinogadzira zvinoita senge zvisingaperi mikana mune hunhu hunogona kuratidzwa muvana vemuchinjikwa pakati pematatata maviri. Dambudziko iri kupfuudza hunhu hwakanaka hwemubereki wega uye kurasikirwa neyakaipa. Zvinotora michinjikwa yakawanda kumhara pane yakanaka.
Chaizvoizvo zvakajairika zvirongwa zvekuzadza mbatatisi zvinoongorora ma tubers kubva kunosvika zviuru zana zvemuchinjikwa gore rega. Uye vafudzi vanosarudza chete ingangoita gumi% kutakura kuenda kumberi. Kunyangwe hazvo mugadziri wembatatisi achigona kuongorora anenge mamirioni matatu nemazana matatu embeu dzembatatisi mukati menguva yebasa rake, ivo vanozoona vashoma chete vanochipfuura uye vane mukana wekubudirira mukutengesa. Kana iwe ukadyara mbeu yechokwadi yembatatisi kubva kune bheri rinounganidzwa kubva kune chirimwa chembatatisi, zvinokonzeresa zvirimwa uye tubers zvese zvichave zvakasiyana - ivo vese vachamiririra akasiyana akasiyana
Iyo chete nzira yekugadzirisa hunhu ndeyekugadzira mbatatisi yemarimi asexually kubva ku clonal stock. Kupararira kweClonal kunowedzera zvakanyanya nguva yazvinotora kugadzira miriwo mitsva yemazamu. Chikomo chimwe chete chembatatisi chinoburitsa isingasviki gumi nemashanu matubhu pamuti. Saka makore ekutanga ebudiriro anoshandiswa achiwedzera anokwana matubhu kubvumidza kuongororwa mumiedzo yakadzokororwa yekutsvagisa. Sarudzo dzembatata dzisati dzasunungurwa, dzinoedzwa munzvimbo zhinji dzinokura. Zvinotora makore gumi nemana kusvika gumi nemana kutanga, kuongorora, uye kuburitsa chirimwa chitsva chembatatisi kubva muchirongwa chinowanzoitika-chekuzadza mbatatisi.
Zvakadii nezveGenetic Injini (GE)?
GE iko kurongedza kwakananga kweiyo genome yemuviri uchishandisa biotechnology. Maitiro acho anowanzo sanganisira kuiswa kana kubviswa kwemajini chaiwo. Iyi tekinoroji inogona kushandiswa kusimbisa mbatatisi germplasm nekuunza majini kubva kuhama dzembatatisi yemusango mumbatata dzakarimwa. Kunyanya kana vasingazoyambuke vachishandisa echinyakare nzira dzekuberekesa.
Vaberekesi vanogona zvakare kushandisa tekinoroji kushandura zvimwe zvakashata zvemhando dzakakurumbira dzemapatatari, kunyanya kune hunhu hunoburitswa neimwe chete kana mashoma mageneti. Hurumende yeUS yakabvuma kuburitswa kwezvakawanda zvakachinjika genetically modified (GM) mbatatisi yemarimi izvo zvakaonekwa sezvakachengeteka kudyiwa uye nharaunda. Izvo hazvigamuchirwe munyika dzese.
Kudya kweGM kunopa nyaya inehunhu kune vamwe vanhu, uye vamwe vanovaramba kunze kwekunetsekana kwenharaunda kana nekuti vane kutya pamusoro pekuchengetedza chikafu. Vazhinji varimi vembatatisi uye vanogovera muUS havana kugadzirira kusangana nematambudziko ekushambadzira kana ekutengesa kunze kwenyika uye vafunga kusakura kana kutengesa GM mbatatisi izvozvi.
"Dyara mbatatisi mbeu, uye munochera mugodhi wenhaka, usingaperi mukusava nechokwadi kwawo, asi kusingagumi, zvakare, mukugona kwayo. ”