CORVALLIS, Ore. - Vaviri vaongorori veOregon State University vakawana diki-inogara ivhu nematode paCorvallis kambasi inogona kuve chishandiso chakakosha pakurwisa slugs dzinokanganisa mabhiriyoni emadhora pagore mukukuvara kwekurima pasirese.
MuOregon kanenge hafu yezvinhu makumi maviri zvepamusoro zvekurima zvinotambura nekukuvadzwa kweslug, kusanganisira yakakosha indasitiri yembeu yehuswa ine inofungidzirwa $ 20 mamirioni mukurasikirwa gore rega rega, sekureva kwaRory Mc Donnell, purofesa wehukama mune rezvirimwa uye sainzi yevhu muKoreji yeAcology Sayenzi. uye slug nyanzvi yeOSU Extension Service. Kunyangwe huwandu husingawanikwe mu $ 60 bhiriyoni yekuchengetedza vana indasitiri, chinhu chepamusoro cheOregon, slugs uye hozhwa zvinokonzeresa kurasikirwa kukuru mudunhu iri, zvakare akadaro Mc Donnell.
Iyo parasitic nematode, Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita, inogona kudzora kurasikirwa uku zvakanyanya, akadaro Dee Denver, purofesa uye mukuru weOSU Dhipatimendi reYakabatanidzwa Biology muKoreji yeSainzi uye nematode nyanzvi. Yakave ichishandiswa muEurope sechibio-control chigadzirwa pasi pezita rekuti Nemaslug kweanopfuura makore makumi maviri nemashanu, asi haina kunyoreswa muUS neEnvironmental Protection Agency.
"Nzira yekufunga ndeyekuti kana ikashanda muEurope uye tikachiwana pano uye ichishanda pano, zvinogona kuve nyore kuti zviitwe zvakanyoreswa neEPA," akadaro Mc Donnell. “Kana tichikwanisa kupa humbowo kuti ndehwenyika, zvinopa mhosva yakasimba yekuzvigadzira senge bio-control. Asi isu tinoda kuona kuti hapana zvinokonzeresa pane zvechivanhu slugs kana hozhwa. Hatidi bio-control yaenda zvisirizvo. Zvakakosha chaizvo. ”
Varimi vanovimba nemakemikari anodhura kudzora slugs uye vanowana chete 10% kusvika 60% inoshanda, sekureva kwaMc Donnell. Mishonga yekuuraya zvipuka inogona kuve nemhedzisiro isingafungidzirwe pazvinhu zvisina-chinangwa uye inogona kusvibisa nzira dzemvura.
"Kukuvadza kwavanokonzera inyaya hombe," akadaro Mc Donnell. “Takabvunzurudza varimi mazana maviri muWillamette Valley kuti vaunganidze pfungwa dzavo dzekudzora slugs nemushonga wezvipembenene. Takawana 200% chete vakati vanofara nekuita kwemakemikari. ”
Kwemakore matatu, Mc Donnell, ane chinzvimbo chakapihwa mari neOregon Legislature kuti awane mhinduro kudambudziko renyika, akafamba Oregon achitarisira kuwana P. hermaphrodita. Paakadaro, yaive kuseri kwake - iyo OSU kambasi muCorvallis. Kuwanikwa uku kwakave kwekutanga muNorth America kunze kweCalifornia, uko vatsvagiri veYunivhesiti yeCalifornia, Riverside, kusanganisira Mc Donnell, vakachiwana muna2014.
Kutsvaga nematode kwanga kusiri nyore. Kune zviuru, kana zvisiri mamirioni, zvematode marudzi, uye comma-saizi P. hermaphrodita inenge isingaonekwe neziso risina kudzidza. Kuti azvizive, Denver, uyo ari nematode nyanzvi, aifanira kutora nekuteedzera iyo yayo DNA uye kuenzanisa iyo neyekuchengetera nyika.
Kuti vawane nematode, Mc Donnell nevashandi vake vakaisa nekutsvaga misungo kumucheto kwenzvimbo dzekurima, vachitsvaga grey munda slugs (Deroceras reticulatum) inogona kunge yakakundwa nematodes. Matematodes anopinda muhomwe nepaburi kuseri kwejasi rayo - chikamu chakaita kunge chigaro chiri kumberi kweslug. Kamwe mukati, iyo nematode inouraya uye inodyisa iyo slug uye inobereka nekukurumidza - imwe nematode inogona kuburitsa zviuru zvevana mune imwe nyaya kusvika kwevhiki mbiri.
"Kana slug ikazara nematodes, inodhakisa," akadaro Denver. “Unoguma wave nemurwi wehonye. Zvinotyisa kwazvo. ”
Iyo yegrey munda slug, inova iyo bane yevarimi vekumba pamwe nekurima, yakapinda nyika zhinji. Ndiyo yakakosha slug yemhando mukugadzirwa kwekurima, Mc Donnell akadaro. MuEurope, P. hermaphrodita inogona kudzora kukuvara kwezvirimwa nema slugs anosvika 90%. Kukuvara kwakananga haisi iyo chete nzira D. reticulatum inobata zvirimwa; inogona kuve vector yechirwere uye zvakare inobvisa tsvina uye ichisiya tiraira, izvo zvinoderedza kunaka kwechirimwa.
Sezvo vachiramba vachishanda paP.
"Nematode akawanda uye akasiyana - kune mamirioni awo mune ese mativi epasi biosphere," akadaro Denver. "Ivo havana kunyatsodzidziswa uye, nerabhoritari yaRory semumwe wevashoma kwazvo kuNorth America yakazvipira kumashura uye hozhwa, tiri munzvimbo yakanaka yekutsvaga iyi."
Mhedzisiro yetsvakiridzo yavo yakaburitswa mumajenari PLoS uye Biological Kudzora.
Nezve iyo OSU Yekuwedzera Sevhisi:
Oregon State University Extension Service inogovera ruzivo-rwakavakirwa ruzivo nevanhu nenharaunda mumatunhu makumi matatu nematanhatu eOregon. OSU Extension inogadzirisa nyaya dzine chekuita nemaguta uye ekumaruwa maOregonia. Kudyidzana pamwe nehurongwa hweOSU Extension zvinopa ramangwana rine hutano, rinobudirira uye rakasimba kuOregon.