Root lesion nematode pambatatisi

Root lesion nematode kapukanana kadiki, kakareba mirimita imwe. Asi ine simba rekunze rekukuvadza mbatatisi muCanada. Chikonzero chacho? Icho chikamu chekuoma kwezvipembenene zvinokonzeresa Mbatatisi Early Dying (PED) chirwere, chinokonzeresa kurasikirwa kukuru kwehupfumi hwembatatisi muCanada gore rega rega. 

The Canadian Potato Early Dying Network (CanPEDNet) chirongwa chinosanganisira gumi nemaviri mapurojekiti ekutsvagisa ane chinangwa chekudzikisa kuitika nemhedzisiro yechirwere cheMbatatisi Early Dying muCanada. Chirongwa ichi, icho chakatanga mukupera kwa12, chinoitwa kuburikidza neHorticulture 2019 Cluster yemapurojekiti muCanadian Agriculture Partnership AgriScience Program inotungamirwa neCanadian Horticultural Council, nerutsigiro kubva kune runyorwa rurefu rwevashandi veindasitiri. Mapurojekiti akati wandei akatarisana nekuona nekugadzirisa mhando dzezvipembenene zvine chekuita nePED. 

Pamusoro pezita iri Verticillium wilt, a serious fungal disease caused by the pathogen Verticillium dahliae - pamwe chete nemhando imwe chete yemidzi yeronda nematode. Zvakawanda zvino zvinozivikanwa nezve yekutanga pane yekupedzisira, zvakanyanya nekuti chinetso chenematode chinonetsa kuvheneka wega. Dr. Mario Tenuta ndiye purofesa mubazi rezvesayenzi yevhu paYunivhesiti yeManitoba, uye mukuru wekuongorora weCanPEDNet. 

“Patinofunga nezvePED, tinowanzo funga nezvayo se 'yakaoma,' nekuti hongu, unogona kuve nedambudziko rimwe rehutachiona - zvakanyanya V. dahliae - asi mune dzimwe nzvimbo, seOntario neMaritimes, mune zvese Verticillium uye mudzi ronda nematode. Uye kana zviviri zvabatanidzwa [mumunda], une chirwere chakakomba,” anodaro Tenuta.

Tenuta manotsi midzi lesion nematodes inodya mbatatisi nekukwenya maburi madiki mumidzi, kupinda mairi uye kudya pamaseru mukati. Pakupedzisira, dzinosiya mudzi wacho dzokandira mazai mukati kana kuti kunze kwemudzi muvhu. Makwiro ekukuvara kwenematode anotaridzika se "isina hutano midzi system," anodaro, nekukura kwakamira, chlorosis yechirimwa uye kuwedzera kusagadzikana kwekusanaya kwemvura. Kukuvadzwa kweNematode kunogona kuonekwa sekushanduka kwemidzi, anodaro, uye maronda anogona kuitika pamidzi yakakora. Maronda anokonzerwa nematodes anogona kubvumira utachiona kupinda muchirimwa, zvichiwedzera matambudziko acho.

Kune akawanda marudzi emidzi yekukuvadza nematodes muCanada, asi imwe mhando inonyanya kuzivikanwa kukonzeresa matambudziko kune varimi vembatatisi: Pratylenchus penetrans.  “Nembatatisi, rudzi urwu runodyidzana narwo V. dahliae kuwedzera PED," Tenuta anotsanangura. "Nemamwe mashoko, kukuvadzwa ne V. dahliae inokudzwa, uye haudi chaizvoizvo ma<em>nematode akawandisa ari mumidzi kuti akonzere zvinetso.”

P. mapenetrans haisati yawanikwa kunze kweEastern Canada kana British Columbia - zvakadaro. Imwe mhando ye nematode, Pratylenchus neglectus, inowanzowanikwa muPrairies, uye inogona kuva dambudziko mu canola uye gorosi, Tenuta anoti. Asi hazvisati zvazivikanwa kuti P. neglectus inonetsa mu mbatatisi. Tenuta anoti Canada "iri kumashure" mukunzwisisa kwayo matambudziko nematode. "Tinoda basa rekutanga rinoitwa - kuti ndedzipi mhando dziripo, dziripi, uye nhanho dzadzo. Ndiro danho rekutanga rakaoma pano,” anodaro.

CanPEDNet iri kutora danho iroro. Dr. Benjamin Mimee inyanzvi yematologist neAgriculture and Agri-Food Canada paSaint-Jean-sur-Richelieu Research and Development Center muQuebec. Ari kutungamira kuedza kuteedzera nematodes anowanikwa mumasampuli evhu akaunganidzwa mhiri kweCanada kuitira kuti aone kuti ndedzipi mhando dzinogona kusangana nadzo. V. dahliae kuratidza synergistic mhedzisiro mumbatatisi. 

“Parizvino takaedza nematodes anodarika 2,500 XNUMX,” anodaro Mimee. “Takaaziva pasi pemaikorosikopu uye nekutevedzana. Mushure meizvozvo, isu tiri kusimudza makoroni ezvitsaurwa kubva kune imwe neimwe purovhinzi uye yega yega mhando; tichaedza pathogenicity yavo munguva yechando. “Pakati pezvitsaurwa zvinozivikanwa, tinoziva kuti kune misiyano mikuru yemajini, uye kuti mhando mbiri dzenematode dzine genome dzakasiyana. Tichatarisa kuti vanodyidzana sei Verticillium uye ongorora kana kudyidzana kwavo Verticillium zvakasiyana. Tinoda kuziva kuti ndedzipi mhando [nesubspecies dze P. mapenetrans] zvinokonzeresa mbatatisi uye zvinotora kukuvara chaiko kunowanikwa mumunda wega wega.

Mimee anoti kiyi yekugona kwevarimi kubata PED kuchave kuzivikanwa kwemarudzi. Mhuka dzinogona kusanganiswa mumunda, kana kuti minda inogona kuva nerudzi rumwe chete, asi kunyangwe paine mwero wemhando yepamusoro mumunda, kunze kwekunge mhuka iyoyo P. mapenetrans, vagadziri vanogona kunge vasina dambudziko zvachose. MuAlberta, Dr. Dmytro Yevtushenko, purofesa anoshamwaridzana uye sachigaro wekutsvakurudza muPotato Research Laboratory paYunivhesiti yeLethbridge, ari kushandawo pakuzivikanwa kwemarudzi nematode sechikamu cheCanPEDNet.

"Chinangwa chekupedzisira cheAlberta ndechekumisa zvikumbaridzo zve Verticillium nenematodes inokanganisa goho,” anodaro – tichitarisira kuti chidzidzo ichi chichapera mukupera kwa2022. “PED chimwe chezvirwere zvakakosha muCanada. Zvichida zvakanyanya kuoma muEastern Canada, asi zvichiri kuWestern Canada. Asi kusiyana neEastern Canada, tichine mufananidzo wakavhengana wePED - hatina kana chokwadi nezvezvinokonzeresa," anodaro. 

"Tinofungidzira kuti [vanokonzeresa vePED muWestern Canada] vanogona kunge vakasiyana nevari kuEastern Canada." Yevtushenko's lab yakagadzirisa masampula ematishu kubva mudunhu rose uye yakasimbisa kuvepo kwakapararira V. dahliae, kunyangwe muminda ine yakaderera PED. Havasati vawana P. mapenetrans, anodaro, kunyange zvakadaro P. neglectus aripo. Lab yake iri kutarisira kuona kana iyo yekupedzisira inokonzera kukanganisa kwehupfumi. Muna Ndira, ivo vachagadzira chaiyo-nguva PCR system kuti vatange kuongorora ivhu nekudyara samples mumba nekuda kwekuvapo kweV.erticillium pamwe nemamwe phytopathogens. Vagadziri vanofanirwa kuve nekukasira kutendeuka kwemhedzisiro yebvunzo, anodaro.

Kuzivikanwa kwemhando kuburikidza nekuyedza ivhu richava iro rekona rekutonga kana zvasvika kuPED, Tenuta anodaro. Parizvino, idambudziko diki kune vamwe vagadziri. Mubvunzo wekutanga kupindura ndewekuti mugadziri ane P. mapenetrans mumunda. “Kana vakadaro, vanofanira kuva nehanya,” anodaro. “Kana vaine mamwe marudzi pane P. mapenetrans, ikozvino mubvunzo wemazinga. Vanofanira kunge vakanyanya kukwirira kuti vagadziri vanetseke. ”

Kuongorora ivhu ndiyo “nzira yakanaka” yekuti varimi vanzwisise zviri kukanganisa minda yavo, anodaro. Asi hakusi kuedza kwese kwakafanana. "Unogona kuwana midzi yeronda kuongororwa. Iwe unofanirwa kungwarira uye kubvunza iyo P. mapenetrans kutsunga uye uve nechokwadi chekuti une chivimbo chekuti lab inogona kuita basa rakanaka rekutsunga ikoko, "anoyambira. "Mhuka dzakasiyana dzakafanana zvakanyanya, saka zvakanaka kana paine mamolecular PCR diagnostic."

Kana kuvepo kwerudzi urwu kwave kusimbiswa, vagadziri vane sarudzo yekushandisa nematicide, asi izvi hazvisi zana muzana uye "haisiyo sarudzo yakanaka kubva pakuona kwevhu," Tenuta anodaro. 

Sarudzo yakanakisa kutora nzira yekutonga kwetsika, kunyangwe zvirimwa zvakawanda zvichigona kutamba nematodes uye nekudaro hazvigone kushandiswa kuparadza tupukanana. Vagadziri vanogona kushandisa “teya zvirimwa” zvakaita sesudangrass kana forage pearl millet, asi vanofanira kunyatsoongorora kuti ndezvipi zvekudyara sembesa dzinotenderedzwa, sezvo Brassicas, chibage uye kunyange forage legumes zvichigona kuchengetedza nematodes. Sarudzo yakanakisa, anodaro Tenuta, kazhinji zviyo. 

Sezvo CanPEDNet mapurojekiti ari kufambira mberi, vagadziri vanofanirwa kugara vakatarisa mhinduro. “Mugore rinotevera uye zvishoma, tichave neruzivo rwakawanda uye ruzivo ruchabuda pamusoro pezvipenyu izvi,” anodaro.

/agrotechnology